The characteristics of the benthic community structure can effectively reflect the health status of the river ecosystem and the quality of the river ecological environment. It is of great significance to identify the limiting factors of benthic community structure for the maintenance of river ecosystem health. As a typical semi-arid ecological fragile area, the eco-environmental problems in the Wei River basin have become increasingly prominent. The benthic community structure is affected by multiple stresses such as habitat degradation and water quality deterioration. In this study, 18 national monitoring stations were selected to investigate the ecological environment and benthic invertebrate community characteristics in the Wei River basin in October 2019. W-statistics, Shannon-Winer index, Pielou index, Margalef index, and B-IBI index were selected to evaluate the community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates from three aspects of the community stability, community diversity, and community integrity. Principal component analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and canonical correspondence analysis were used to analyze the correlation and variability between zoobenthos community index and environmental factors. The results showed that the spatial difference of benthic community structure in the Wei River basin was not significant, and the Sal, NH₃-N, Tub, DO in water environment and heavy metals in sediment were the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of benthos. Improving water quality and controlling pollution were the main strategies to improve benthic biodiversity and promote sustainable development in the Wei River basin.

底栖群落结构的特征可以有效反映河流生态系统的健康状况和河流生态环境的质量。确定底栖动物群落结构的限制因素对于维持河流生态系统健康具有重要意义。作为典型的半干旱生态脆弱区，渭河流域的生态环境问题日益突出。底栖生物群落结构受到栖息地退化和水质退化等多重压力的影响。在这项研究中，我们选择了18个国家监测站，以调查2019年10月渭河流域的生态环境和底栖无脊椎动物群落特征.W统计，Shannon-Winer指数，Pielou指数，Margalef指数，选择B-IBI指数和B-IBI指数，从群落稳定性，群落多样性和群落完整性三个方面评估底栖大型无脊椎动物的群落特征。采用主成分分析，皮尔逊相关分析和典范对应分析法分析了底栖动物群落指数与环境因子之间的相关性和变异性。结果表明，渭河流域底栖生物群落结构空间差异不显着，Sal，NH 运用典范对应分析法分析了底栖动物群落指标与环境因子之间的相关性和变异性。结果表明，渭河流域底栖生物群落结构空间差异不显着，Sal，NH 运用典范对应分析法分析了底栖动物群落指标与环境因子之间的相关性和变异性。结果表明，渭河流域底栖生物群落结构空间差异不显着，Sal，NH水环境中的_3- N，Tub，DO和沉积物中的重金属是影响底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因素。改善水质和控制污染是改善渭河流域底栖生物多样性和促进可持续发展的主要战略。