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Reduced multisensory facilitation exists at different periods of development in autism
Cortex ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.031
Kirsty Ainsworth 1 , Alexia Ostrolenk 2 , Catherine Irion 3 , Armando Bertone 4
Affiliation  

Atypical sensory processing is now recognised as a key component of an autism diagnosis. The integration of multiple sensory inputs (multisensory integration (MSI)) is thought to be idiosyncratic in autistic individuals and may have cascading effects on the development of higher-level skills such as social communication.

Multisensory facilitation was assessed using a target detection paradigm in 45 autistic and 111 neurotypical individuals, matched on age and IQ. Target stimuli were: auditory (A; 3500 Hz tone), visual (V; white disk ‘flash’) or audiovisual (AV; simultaneous tone and flash), and were presented on a dark background in a randomized order with varying stimulus onset delays. Reaction time (RT) was recorded via button press. In order to assess possible developmental effects, participants were divided into younger (age 14 or younger) and older (age 15 and older) groups.

Redundancy gain (RG) was significantly greater in neurotypical, compared to autistic individuals. No significant effect of age or interaction was found. Race model analysis was used to compute a bound value that represented the facilitation effect provided by MSI. Our results revealed that MSI facilitation occurred (violation of the race model) in neurotypical individuals, with more efficient MSI in older participants. In both the younger and older autistic groups, we found reduced MSI facilitation (no or limited violation of the race model).

Autistic participants showed reduced multisensory facilitation compared to neurotypical participants in a simple target detection task, void of social context. This remained consistent across age. Our results support evidence that autistic individuals may not integrate low-level, non-social information in a typical fashion, adding to the growing discussion around the influential effect that basic perceptual atypicalities may have on the development of higher-level, core aspects of autism.



中文翻译:

自闭症的不同发展时期存在减少的多感官促进

非典型感觉处理现在被认为是自闭症诊断的关键组成部分。多种感觉输入的整合(多感觉整合(MSI))被认为是自闭症个体的特质,并且可能对更高水平的技能(如社交沟通)的发展产生级联效应。

使用目标检测范式在 45 名自闭症患者和 111 名神经典型个体中评估多感官促进,根据年龄和智商进行匹配。目标刺激是:听觉(A;3500 Hz 音调)、视觉(V;白盘“闪光”)或视听(AV;同时音调和闪光),并以随机顺序呈现在深色背景上,具有不同的刺激开始延迟. 通过按下按钮记录反应时间 (RT)。为了评估可能的发育影响,参与者被分为年轻(14 岁或以下)和老年(15 岁及以上)组。

与自闭症患者相比,神经型患者的冗余增益 (RG) 明显更大。没有发现年龄或相互作用的显着影响。竞赛模型分析用于计算代表 MSI 提供的促进效应的界限值。我们的研究结果表明,MSI 促进发生在神经典型个体中(违反种族模型),而老年参与者的 MSI 效率更高。在年轻和年长的自闭症群体中,我们发现 MSI 促进减少(没有或有限地违反种族模型)。

在没有社会背景的简单目标检测任务中,自闭症参与者的多感觉促进能力低于神经典型参与者。这在各个年龄段都保持一致。我们的结果支持证据表明自闭症个体可能不会以典型的方式整合低水平的非社会信息,这增加了围绕基本感知非典型性可能对自闭症的更高水平核心方面的发展产生影响的日益增长的讨论.

更新日期:2020-12-05
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