Abstract We compared microbial enzymatic activity and community composition in small, undisturbed, family cemetery soils and surrounding agricultural fields or suburban lawns to determine the effect of land use changes on soil biology. We collected soil from seven sites in Wicomico County, Maryland monthly for one year. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis and dehydrogenase activity were significantly greater in the cemetery soils compared to field soils (agricultural and lawn) 63% and 30% of the time, respectively. Much less frequently the field soils had significantly higher microbial activity compared to the cemetery soils (10% of sample pairs for both FDA and dehydrogenase). FDA activity measurements were highest in the spring and lowest in late summer at all seven sites, while no seasonal variation was evident for dehydrogenase activity. Dominant bacterial phyla in the soils were similar between field and cemetery sites with the exception of Gemmatimonadetes having higher relative abundance in fields. Fourteen genera differed in relative abundance between cemeteries and fields, and the relative abundance of these genera correlated with soil pH, organic matter, and phosphorus levels. There was no difference in phylotype richness or diversity between fields and cemetery soils. Based on FDA hydrolysis, microbial activity is greater in cemetery soils, providing evidence to suggest land use changes have altered the biological properties of these soils.

中文翻译：

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土地利用变化对马里兰州东海岸土壤微生物酶活性和土壤微生物群落组成的影响

摘要 我们比较了小型、未受干扰的家庭墓地土壤和周围农田或郊区草坪中的微生物酶活性和群落组成，以确定土地利用变化对土壤生物学的影响。我们每月从马里兰州威科米科县的七个地点收集土壤，为期一年。与田间土壤（农业和草坪）相比，墓地土壤中的荧光素二乙酸酯 (FDA) 水解和脱氢酶活性显着提高，分别为 63% 和 30%。与墓地土壤相比，田间土壤具有显着更高的微生物活性的频率要低得多（FDA 和脱氢酶的样本对均为 10%）。所有七个地点的 FDA 活性测量值在春季最高，在夏末最低，而脱氢酶活性没有明显的季节性变化。土壤中的优势细菌门在田间和墓地之间相似，除了 Gemmatimonadetes 在田间具有较高的相对丰度。14 个属在墓地和田地之间的相对丰度不同，这些属的相对丰度与土壤 pH 值、有机质和磷水平相关。田地和墓地土壤之间的系统发育丰富度或多样性没有差异。根据 FDA 的水解，墓地土壤中的微生物活性更高，提供证据表明土地利用的变化已经改变了这些土壤的生物特性。14 个属在墓地和田地之间的相对丰度不同，这些属的相对丰度与土壤 pH 值、有机质和磷水平相关。田地和墓地土壤之间的系统发育丰富度或多样性没有差异。根据 FDA 的水解，墓地土壤中的微生物活性更高，提供证据表明土地利用的变化已经改变了这些土壤的生物特性。14 个属在墓地和田地之间的相对丰度不同，这些属的相对丰度与土壤 pH 值、有机质和磷水平相关。田地和墓地土壤之间的系统发育丰富度或多样性没有差异。根据 FDA 的水解，墓地土壤中的微生物活性更高，提供证据表明土地利用的变化已经改变了这些土壤的生物特性。