Invasive alien species spreading in abandoned agricultural landscape may negatively affect native organisms, including plants and soil biota. This study assessed the effects of invasion by Solidago sp. (goldenrod) in southern Poland on soil fauna feeding activity and on soil microorganism activity, biomass, and functional and taxonomic diversity, in a comparisons of paired plots: goldenrod-invaded plots and nearby non-invaded plots of semi-natural grassland. Goldenrod-invaded plots had fewer vascular plant species (paired t-test) than non-invaded ones, and showed a distinct plant community composition (ANOSIM). Non-invaded and invaded plots did not differ in a range of measured soil physicochemical parameters. No differences were observed between non-invaded and invaded plots in soil fauna feeding activity (measured in the field using bait-lamina test), nor in soil microbial activity (basal respiration rate) and biomass (substrate-induced respiration rate). Goldenrod invasion also did not affect soil bacterial activity and functional diversity as assessed using Biolog® ECO plates, nor bacterial and eukaryotic taxonomic diversity as assessed using Illumina 16/18S rDNA gene fragment sequencing. Bacterial community functional structure (CLPP pattern) and the taxonomic structure of bacteria and eukaryotes (OTU_bact and OTU_euk patterns) were not observed to differ between non-invaded and invaded plots. None of the measured soil microbial indices or soil fauna feeding activity were related to the number of vascular plant species (alpha diversity) as tested by simple regressions. The altered vegetation diversity and composition (beta diversity) was not reflected in the CLPP, OTU_bact and OTU_euk patterns (Mantel tests). The reduced alpha and beta plant diversity resulting from goldenrod invasion was not reflected in soil microbial community parameters. Results of the effects of goldenrod invasion on soil organisms should be interpreted with caution, as the effects may not be so pronounced as the effects on aboveground organisms.

在废弃农业景观中扩散的外来入侵物种可能会对包括植物和土壤生物群在内的原生生物产生负面影响。这项研究评估了Solidago sp。入侵的影响。波兰南部的（Goldenrod）关于土壤动物的摄食活动以及土壤微生物活性，生物量以及功能和分类学多样性的比较，在成对比较的比较中：半自然草地的入侵金枪鱼的耕地和附近未入侵的土地。入侵金毛rod的地块维管植物种类较少（成对的t-test），而不是未入侵的，并显示出独特的植物群落组成（ANOSIM）。非侵略区和侵略区在测得的土壤理化参数范围内没有差异。在未入侵和已入侵的样地之间，未观察到土壤动物的摄食活动（使用诱饵-薄层试验在田间测量），土壤微生物活动（基础呼吸速率）和生物量（基质诱导的呼吸速率）之间的差异。如使用Biolog®ECO板评估，菊科植物的入侵也不会影响土壤细菌活性和功能多样性，也不会影响使用Illumina 16 / 18S rDNA基因片段测序所评估的细菌和真核生物分类多样性。细菌群落功能结构（CLPP模式）以及细菌和真核生物的分类结构（OTU_细菌和OTU_euk模式）在未入侵和已入侵的地块之间未观察到差异。通过简单回归测试，测得的土壤微生物指数或土壤动物进食活性均与维管植物种类的数量（α多样性）无关。改变后的植被多样性和组成（β多样性）未反映在CLPP，OTU_细菌和OTU _euk模式（Mantel试验）中。由于菊科植物入侵而导致的α和β植物多样性降低未反映在土壤微生物群落参数中。菊科植物入侵对土壤生物的影响的结果应谨慎解释，因为其影响可能不如对地上生物的影响那么明显。