A self-heating intensity index (SHII) based on the highest (pixel max.) and lowest (pixel min.) values taken from satellite thermal maps of burning coal waste dumps are proposed. The index enables the classification of such fires in Ukrainian- and Polish coal waste dumps. Both in Ukraine and in Poland, varying thermal intensities during 1985–2019 are revealed, using the SHII and following thermal intensity threshold values, namely, extreme thermal activity (> 7), advanced (3–7), moderate (3–1.5), initial (1.5–1), no activity (< 1). The SHII shows decreasing thermal activity in the selected Ukrainian coal waste dumps during 2017–2019. It aids in reconstructing the thermal history of the dumps. Analysis of satellite images revealed a large number of burning coal waste dumps in the Donetsk Coal Basin (Ukraine) with high thermal activity. Such burning likely reflects large amounts of organic matter and sulphides in the dumped material subjected to self-heating and self-burning processes, lack of compaction of the coal waste and/or high methane contents. Comparison of SHII values calculated from satellite- and drone thermal-camera images were compared to show that SHII from drone thermal images have much higher values than those from satellite images; the former have better resolution. Thus, SHII from Landsat- and drone images should be used separately in dump heating studies.

提出了一种基于自燃煤废物场的卫星热图获得的最高（最大像素）和最低（最小像素）值的自热强度指数（SHII）。该指数可以对乌克兰和波兰的煤炭垃圾场中的此类火灾进行分类。在乌克兰和波兰，使用SHII和以下热强度阈值揭示了1985-2019年间的热强度变化，即极端热活动（> 7），高级（3-7），中度（3-1.5） ，初始（1.5-1），无活动（<1）。SHII显示，2017-2019年期间，选定的乌克兰煤炭垃圾场中的热活动正在减少。它有助于重建垃圾场的热历史。卫星图像分析显示，顿涅茨克煤盆（乌克兰）中有大量燃烧的煤渣堆，热活动活跃。这种燃烧很可能反映了经过自热和自燃烧过程的倾倒物料中的大量有机物和硫化物，煤waste石缺乏致密性和/或甲烷含量高。比较了从卫星和无人机热像仪图像计算出的SHII值，结果表明，从无人机热像仪获得的SHII值比从卫星图像获得的SHII值高得多。前者有更好的分辨率。因此，来自Landsat和无人机图像的SHII应该在转储加热研究中分别使用。比较了从卫星和无人机热像仪图像计算出的SHII值，结果表明，从无人机热像仪获得的SHII值比从卫星图像获得的SHII值高得多。前者有更好的分辨率。因此，来自Landsat和无人机图像的SHII应该在转储加热研究中分别使用。比较了从卫星和无人机热像仪图像计算出的SHII值，结果表明，从无人机热像仪获得的SHII值比从卫星图像获得的SHII值高得多。前者有更好的分辨率。因此，来自Landsat和无人机图像的SHII应该在转储加热研究中分别使用。