Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an anorexigenic peptide hormone of fish and other vertebrates. In aquaculture, appetite regulation of fish is important to improve their growth. We cloned five CART genes (cart1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b) from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, which belong to CART groups 1, 2, and 3 across four CART branches according to phylogenetic analysis. The distribution of these five CART genes varied among the different regions of the brain in yellowtail. In the fasting-refeeding experiment, expression of cart1b and 2a in the hypothalamus showed a decreasing trend with fasting, but recovered after the fish refed. Anorexigenic responses were observed in cart1b expression in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, and in cart2a expression in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, and cerebellum following fasting. None of the CART genes responded to smell, which was tested by the addition of a fish meal soluble fraction to the rearing water. The findings of this study indicate that cart1b and 2a in the telencephalon and hypothalamus have an anorexigenic effect in yellowtail. Furthermore, expression of these genes might be affected by changes in the nutritional condition of the fish.

中文翻译：

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黄尾鹨中多种可卡因和苯丙胺调节的转录基因：克隆、大脑中的组织分布以及对禁食和鱼粉可溶性部分的反应

可卡因和苯丙胺调节的转录物 (CART) 是鱼类和其他脊椎动物的厌食肽激素。在水产养殖中，调节鱼的食欲对促进其生长很重要。根据系统发育分析，我们从黄尾鸬鹚中克隆了五个 CART 基因（cart1b、2a、2b、3a 和 3b），这些基因属于 CART 组 1、2 和 3，跨越四个 CART 分支。这五个 CART 基因的分布在黄尾鱼大脑的不同区域中有所不同。在禁食-再喂食实验中，cart1b和2a在下丘脑的表达随禁食呈下降趋势，但在鱼再喂食后恢复。在端脑和下丘脑中的 car1b 表达中观察到厌食反应，在禁食后在端脑、下丘脑和小脑中的 car2a 表达中观察到了厌食反应。没有一个 CART 基因对气味有反应，这是通过向饲养水中添加鱼粉可溶性部分进行测试的。这项研究的结果表明，端脑和下丘脑中的 cart1b 和 2a 对黄尾鱼具有厌食作用。此外，这些基因的表达可能会受到鱼类营养状况变化的影响。