Under the European REACH regulation, chemicals are assessed for persistence as part of weight-of-evidence determinations of persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT), as required under Annex XIII and supported by an Integrated Assessment and Testing Strategy (ITS). This study describes the persistence assessment of phenanthrene, a data-rich polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), in accordance with this framework. All available data from screening and simulation tests, for water, soil and sediment compartments, plus other relevant information, have been compiled. These have been evaluated for reliability and relevance, and a weight-of-evidence determination of persistence has been carried out. Aspects relevant to the assessment, such as degradation metabolites, non-extractable residues (NER), test temperature and bioavailability, have also been considered. The resulting assessment considered a wide range of evidence, including 101 experimental data points. Phenanthrene was demonstrated to be readily biodegradable, a first-tier screen for non-persistence in the ITS. Furthermore, weight-of-evidence assessment of data for water, soil and sediment compartments supported a conclusion of “not persistent” (not P). In non-standard soil studies with sludge-amended soils, longer half-lives were observed. This was attributable to pyrogenic sources of and significantly reduced bioavailability of phenanthrene, highlighting the importance of bioavailability as a major source of variability in persistence data. Available simulation test data for the sediment compartment were found to be unreliable due to the anoxic impact of the use of a biodegradable solvent in a closed system, and were inconsistent with the broader weight of evidence. Estimation of photodegradation using AOPWIN and the APEX model demonstrated this to be an important fate process not currently considered in persistence assessments under REACH. The assessment is not in agreement with a recent regulatory decision in which phenanthrene was determined to be very persistent (vP). This assessment provides a case study for persistence assessment using the REACH ITS and highlights the need for improved guidance to improve consistency and predictability of assessments. This is particularly important for complex cases with data-rich chemicals, such as phenanthrene.

根据欧洲REACH法规，对化学药品的持久性进行评估，作为对持久性，生物蓄积性和毒性（PBT）的证据权重确定的一部分，如附件十三所述，并得到综合评估和测试策略（ITS）的支持。这项研究根据此框架描述了菲的持久性评估，菲是一种数据丰富的多环芳烃（PAH）。汇总了水，土壤和沉积物隔室的筛选和模拟测试的所有可用数据，以及其他相关信息。已对它们的可靠性和相关性进行了评估，并进行了持久性的证据权重确定。与评估相关的方面，例如降解代谢物，不可提取的残留物（NER），测试温度和生物利用度，也已经考虑过了。评估结果考虑了广泛的证据，包括101个实验数据点。菲被证明易于生物降解，这是ITS中持久性的第一级筛选。此外，对水，土壤和沉积物区隔数据的证据权重评估支持“不持久”（不是P）的结论。在用污泥改良土壤的非标准土壤研究中，观察到更长的半衰期。这归因于菲的热源并大大降低了菲的生物利用度，从而突出了生物利用度作为持久性数据变异性的主要来源的重要性。由于在密闭系统中使用可生物降解溶剂的缺氧影响，发现沉积物隔间的可用模拟测试数据不可靠，并且与更广泛的证据不一致。使用AOPWIN和APEX模型估算光降解表明，这是目前在REACH持久性评估中未考虑的重要命运过程。该评估与最近的一项法规决定不一致，在该法规中，菲被确定为非常持久（vP）。该评估为使用REACH ITS进行持久性评估提供了案例研究，并强调了需要改进指导以提高评估的一致性和可预测性的需求。对于具有丰富数据的化学品（例如菲）的复杂案例，这尤其重要。使用AOPWIN和APEX模型估算光降解表明，这是目前在REACH持久性评估中未考虑的重要命运过程。该评估与最近的一项法规决定不一致，在该法规中，菲被确定为非常持久（vP）。该评估为使用REACH ITS进行持久性评估提供了案例研究，并强调了需要改进指导以提高评估的一致性和可预测性的需求。对于具有丰富数据的化学品（例如菲）的复杂案例，这尤其重要。使用AOPWIN和APEX模型估算光降解表明，这是目前在REACH持久性评估中未考虑的重要命运过程。该评估与最近的一项法规决定不一致，在该法规中，菲被确定为非常持久（vP）。该评估为使用REACH ITS进行持久性评估提供了案例研究，并强调了需要改进指导以提高评估的一致性和可预测性的需求。对于具有丰富数据的化学品（例如菲）的复杂案例，这尤其重要。该评估为使用REACH ITS进行持久性评估提供了案例研究，并强调了需要改进指导以提高评估的一致性和可预测性的需求。对于具有丰富数据的化学品（例如菲）的复杂案例，这尤其重要。该评估为使用REACH ITS进行持久性评估提供了案例研究，并强调了需要改进指导以提高评估的一致性和可预测性的需求。对于具有丰富数据的化学品（例如菲）的复杂案例，这尤其重要。