Abstract

Co-occurrence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SA) might occur because they share common risk factors, or alternatively because one leads to the other. Using search terms salient to NSSI and SA, we screened 555 studies to identify 17 that presented temporal data about NSSI and SA. Much of the evidence indicates that NSSI predates SA, especially among females and individuals with depressive symptoms, or diagnosed with borderline personality disorder or mood disorders. However, in some studies, associated risk factors likely accounted for the effect. Greater NSSI frequency to a threshold increases risk for later SA. Findings suggest that the behaviors have common predisposing factors, but that there is also a potent gateway effect whereby NSSI precedes SA.

摘要

非自杀性自伤 (NSSI) 和自杀未遂 (SA) 可能会同时发生，因为它们具有共同的风险因素，或者因为一个导致另一个。使用突出 NSSI 和 SA 的搜索词，我们筛选了 555 项研究，以确定 17 项提供有关 NSSI 和 SA 的时间数据的研究。许多证据表明，NSSI 早于 SA，尤其是在女性和有抑郁症状的个体中，或被诊断为边缘性人格障碍或情绪障碍的个体中。然而，在一些研究中，相关的风险因素可能解释了这种影响。将 NSSI 频率提高到阈值会增加后期 SA 的风险。研究结果表明，这些行为具有共同的诱发因素，但也存在强大的网关效应，即 NSSI 先于 SA。