Purpose From a psycholinguistic perspective, the quality of the stored word form in the phonological input lexicon, as well as its effective retrieval from the phonological output lexicon, is of great importance in lexical processing. This study aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of (a)typical word form processing in primary school children. In particular, age-related development and profiles of word form processing including children's response behavior were investigated. Method A sample of 164 monolingual primary school children (6–9 years of age) was tested in a cross-sectional design using two word form–related tasks (auditory lexical decision and rapid naming) with carefully controlled stimuli in combination with traditional vocabulary tests and a nonword repetition task. Results First, an age-related improvement (better performance and acceleration of reaction times) was found for both word form–related tasks. Second, a cluster analysis revealed five clusters with different profiles of word processing. Beside a cluster with overall results of above average, we found two clusters including children with typical lexical abilities who applied specific strategies to deal with the tasks (speed–accuracy trade-offs). Two other clusters represented weak lexical abilities at different levels of word processing. Conclusions Children's abilities in word form processing develop over time and are characterized by developmental boosts that occur at different times in development. The uncovered profiles document patterns of (a)typical lexical processing. Since difficulties with word form processing are easily overlooked in clinical assessment, lexical decision and rapid naming tasks offer valuable tools for an in-depth evaluation of lexical skills. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12986036

中文翻译：

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小学生的词形处理：心理语言学的视角

目的从心理语言学的角度来看，语音输入词典中存储的词形的质量以及从语音输出词典中的有效检索对于词汇处理非常重要。本研究旨在更深入地了解小学生的典型词形处理。特别是，调查了与年龄相关的发展和文字形式处理的概况，包括儿童的反应行为。 方法对 164 名单语小学生（6-9 岁）样本进行了横断面设计测试，使用两项与单词形式相关的任务（听觉词汇判断和快速命名），并结合传统词汇测试和精心控制的刺激。非单词重复任务。 结果首先，对于与单词形式相关的任务，发现了与年龄相关的改进（更好的表现和更快的反应时间）。其次，聚类分析揭示了五个具有不同文字处理概况的聚类。除了总体结果高于平均水平的集群之外，我们还发现了两个集群，其中包括具有典型词汇能力的儿童，他们应用特定策略来处理任务（速度与准确性的权衡）。另外两个集群代表了不同文字处理级别的较弱词汇能力。 结论儿童的文字处理能力随着时间的推移而发展，其特点是在发展的不同时期出现发展提升。未发现的配置文件记录了（a）典型词汇处理的模式。由于在临床评估中词形处理的困难很容易被忽视，因此词汇决策和快速命名任务为深入评估词汇技能提供了宝贵的工具。 补充材料 https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12986036