The phenomenon of acoustic black hole (ABH) exhibits unique and appealing features when bending waves propagate along a structure with a tailored power-law thickness profile. The ABH-induced wave retarding and energy focussing are conducive to effective wave manipulation and energy harvesting. Using a PZT-coated ABH beam as a benchmark, this paper investigates the electromechanical coupling between the PZT patches and the host beam and explores the resultant energy conversion efficiency for potential energy-harvesting (EH) applications. An improved semi-analytical model, considering the full coupling among various electromechanical components in the system, is proposed based on Timoshenko deformation assumption and validated through comparisons with FEM and experimental results. Numerical analyses are then conducted to show typical ABH-specific features as well as the influence of the PZT layout on the electromechanical coupling of the system and the corresponding EH efficiency. Results show that ABH effects entail effective and broadband EH upon proper design of the system with due consideration of the PZT layout in relation to the wavelength and frequency range. Some design guidelines on the installation of PZTs are provided in view of maximization of the ABH benefits and the energy-harvesting performance.

中文翻译：

---

PZT 涂层声学黑洞光束中的机电耦合和能量转换

当弯曲波沿具有量身定制的幂律厚度分布的结构传播时，声学黑洞 (ABH) 现象表现出独特而吸引人的特征。ABH引起的波延迟和能量聚焦有利于有效的波浪操纵和能量收集。本文以涂有 PZT 的 ABH 梁为基准，研究了 PZT 贴片与主梁之间的机电耦合，并探讨了势能收集 (EH) 应用的最终能量转换效率。基于Timoshenko变形假设，提出了一种改进的半解析模型，考虑了系统中各种机电部件之间的完全耦合，并通过与有限元法和实验结果的比较进行了验证。然后进行数值分析以显示典型的 ABH 特定特征以及 PZT 布局对系统机电耦合和相应 EH 效率的影响。结果表明，在适当考虑 PZT 布局与波长和频率范围相关的系统设计后，ABH 效应需要有效的宽带 EH。鉴于 ABH 效益和能量收集性能的最大化，提供了一些安装 P​​ZT 的设计指南。结果表明，在适当考虑 PZT 布局与波长和频率范围相关的系统设计后，ABH 效应需要有效的宽带 EH。鉴于 ABH 效益和能量收集性能的最大化，提供了一些安装 P​​ZT 的设计指南。结果表明，在适当考虑 PZT 布局与波长和频率范围相关的系统设计后，ABH 效应需要有效的宽带 EH。鉴于 ABH 效益和能量收集性能的最大化，提供了一些安装 P​​ZT 的设计指南。