A central endeavour in bioelectronics is the development of logic elements to transduce and process ionic to electronic signals. Motivated by this challenge, we report fully monolithic, nanoscale logic elements featuring n- and p-type nanowires as electronic channels that are proton-gated by electron-beam patterned Nafion. We demonstrate inverter circuits with state-of-the-art ion-to-electron transduction performance giving DC gain exceeding 5 and frequency response up to 2 kHz. A key innovation facilitating the logic integration is a new electron-beam process for patterning Nafion with linewidths down to 125 nm. This process delivers feature sizes compatible with low voltage, fast switching elements. This expands the scope for Nafion as a versatile patternable high-proton-conductivity element for bioelectronics and other applications requiring nanoengineered protonic membranes and electrodes.

中文翻译：

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利用纳米级图案化 Nafion 的集成生物电子质子门控逻辑元件

生物电子学的一项核心工作是开发逻辑元件以将离子信号转换和处理为电子信号。受这一挑战的启发，我们报告了具有 n 型和 p 型纳米线作为电子通道的完全单片纳米级逻辑元件，这些电子通道由电子束图案化的 Nafion 进行质子门控。我们展示了具有最先进的离子电子转换性能的逆变器电路，其直流增益超过 5，频率响应高达 2 kHz。促进逻辑集成的一项关键创新是一种新的电子束工艺，用于对线宽低至 125 nm 的 Nafion 进行图案化。该工艺提供了与低压、快速开关元件兼容的特征尺寸。