Non-professional phagocytosis is usually triggered by stimuli such as necrotic cell death. In tumor therapy, the tumors often disappear slowly and only long time after the end of therapy. Here, tumor therapy inactivates the cells by inducing senescence. Therefore, study focused whether senescence is a stimulus for non-professional phagocytosis or whether senescent cells themselves phagocytize non-professionally. Senescence was induced in cell lines by camptothecin and a phagocytosis assay was performed. In tissue of a cohort of 192 rectal cancer patients senescence and non-professional phagocytosis was studied by anti-histone H3K9me3 and anti-E-cadherin staining. Senescent fibroblasts and pancreas carcinoma cells phagocytize necrotic cells but are not phagocytized. In the tissue of rectal carcinoma, senescent cells can phagocytize and can be phagocytized. A high number of senescent cells and, at the same time, high numbers of non-professional phagocytizing cells in the rectal carcinoma tissue lead to an extremely unfavorable prognosis regarding overall survival. Senescent cells can be non-professionally phagocytized and at the same time they can non-professionally phagocytize in vivo. In vitro experiments indicate that it is unlikely that senescence is a strong trigger for non-professional phagocytosis. Combined high rates of non-professional phagocytosis and high rates of senescence are an extremely poor prognostic factor for overall survival.

中文翻译：

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肿瘤细胞衰老在非专业吞噬作用和细胞内结构形成中的作用

非专业吞噬作用通常由诸如坏死细胞死亡的刺激触发。在肿瘤治疗中，肿瘤通常缓慢消失并且仅在治疗结束后很长一段时间消失。在这里，肿瘤疗法通过诱导衰老来使细胞失活。因此，研究着眼于衰老是非专业吞噬作用的刺激还是衰老细胞本身是否非专业吞噬作用。喜树碱诱导细胞系衰老，并进行吞噬作用测定。在一组192名直肠癌患者的组织中，通过抗组蛋白H3K9me3和抗E-钙黏着蛋白染色研究了衰老和非专业吞噬作用。衰老的成纤维细胞和胰腺癌细胞吞噬坏死细胞，但未被吞噬。在直肠癌的组织中 衰老细胞可以吞噬，也可以被吞噬。直肠癌组织中大量的衰老细胞和大量非专业吞噬细胞会导致总体存活的极不利预后。衰老细胞可以被非专业地吞噬，同时它们可以在体内被非专业地吞噬。体外实验表明，衰老不太可能是非专业吞噬作用的强大触发因素。非专业吞噬作用的高发生率与衰老的高发生率相结合是整体生存的极差预后因素。直肠癌组织中大量非专业吞噬细胞会导致总体存活率极度不利。衰老细胞可以被非专业地吞噬，同时它们可以在体内被非专业地吞噬。体外实验表明，衰老不太可能是非专业吞噬作用的强大触发因素。非专业吞噬作用的高发生率与衰老的高发生率相结合是整体生存的极差预后因素。直肠癌组织中大量非专业吞噬细胞会导致总体生存极不利的预后。衰老细胞可以被非专业地吞噬，同时它们可以在体内被非专业地吞噬。体外实验表明，衰老不太可能是非专业吞噬作用的强大触发因素。非专业吞噬作用的高发生率与衰老的高发生率相结合是整体生存的极差预后因素。