Nanoporous tantalum pentoxide (NTP) particles with a pore size of about 10 nm were synthesized and blended with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to fabricate a PEEK/NTP composite (PN). Subsequently, PN was treated by concentrated sulfuric acid to create a microporous surface (pore size of around 2 μm) on sulfonated PN (SPN), which formed a hierarchical micro & nanoporous surface. Compared with PN, the porous surface of SPN exhibited higher roughness, hydrophilicity, and surface energy. In addition, genistein (GT) was loaded into the porous surface of SPN (SPNG), which showed high GT loading capacity and sustained release of GT into phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Moreover, SPNG revealed excellent antibacterial activity, which inhibited bacterial (E. coli and S. aureus) growth in vitro due to the synergistic effects of both sulfonic acid (SO₃H) groups and the sustained release of GT. Compared with PN, SPN significantly improved the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Moreover, compared with SPN, SPNG further enhances the cell responses. Compared with PN, SPN remarkably improved bone formation and osteointegration in vivo. Furthermore, compared with SPN, SPNG further enhanced the osteointegration. In short, SPNG with a micro & nanoporous surface, SO₃H groups, and the sustained release of GT exhibited antibacterial activity and accelerated osteointegration, which would have tremendous potential as drug-loaded implants for bone substitute.

中文翻译：

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在具有抗菌活性和加速骨整合作用的聚醚醚酮/五氧化二钽复合材料上构建染料木黄酮的分层微纳孔表面

合成了孔径约10 nm的纳米多孔五氧化二钽（NTP）颗粒，并将其与聚醚醚酮（PEEK）共混以制备PEEK / NTP复合材料（PN）。随后，用浓硫酸处理PN，在磺化PN（SPN）上形成微孔表面（孔径约2μm），形成分层的微孔和纳米孔表面。与PN相比，SPN的多孔表面具有更高的粗糙度，亲水性和表面能。此外，染料木黄酮（GT）被装载到SPN（SPNG）的多孔表面，这显示出高的GT装载能力，并且GT持续释放到磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）中。此外，SPNG还具有出色的抗菌活性，可抑制细菌（大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）的生长在体外，由于两个磺酸（SO ₃ H）基团的协同作用和GT的持续释放。与PN相比，SPN显着改善了体外骨髓间充质干细胞的粘附，增殖和成骨分化。此外，与SPN相比，SPNG进一步增强了细胞反应。与PN相比，SPN显着改善了体内的骨形成和骨整合。此外，与SPN相比，SPNG进一步增强了骨整合。简而言之，SPNG具有微纳孔表面SO ₃H组和GT的持续释放表现出抗菌活性和加速的骨整合，作为负载药物的植入物替代骨具有巨大的潜力。