Background. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been applied to cancer diagnosis taking into account their role in tumorigenesis. The main purpose of our study was to confirm the possibility of using miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) diagnosis. Methods. A total of 246 participants (130 STAD patients and 116 healthy controls (HCs)) were enrolled in this 3-phase study. Five STAD pools and 3 HC pools (with 4 participants in each pool) were used for the screening of the 28 miRNAs using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The training phase (30 STAD patients vs. 24 HCs) and validation phase (80 STAD patients vs. 80 HCs) were used to further verify the identity of these miRNAs. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and bioinformatics analysis were also used. Results. The expression levels of miR-125b-5p and miR-196a-5p were upregulated in STAD serum, compared with the HCs, while miR-1-3p and miR-149-5p showed the opposite result. A four-serum miRNA panel was constructed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was found to be 0.892 (95% CI: 0.834 to 0.936, , ). Only miR-125b-5p expression showed a significant difference between STAD patients and NCs in the survival analysis. The neurotrophin signaling pathway was associated with 4 miRNAs identified in STAD patients. Conclusion. The four-serum miRNA panel has great potential to be used as a noninvasive biomarker for STAD diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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使用四 miRNA 面板作为诊断胃腺癌的生物标志物

背景。考虑到它们在肿瘤发生中的作用，已将 MicroRNA (miRNA) 应用于癌症诊断。我们研究的主要目的是确认使用 miRNA 作为胃腺癌 (STAD) 诊断的非侵入性生物标志物的可能性。方法. 共有 246 名参与者（130 名 STAD 患者和 116 名健康对照者 (HC)）参加了这项三期研究。五个 STAD 池和 3 个 HC 池（每个池中有 4 名参与者）用于使用定量逆转录聚合酶链反应 (qRT-PCR) 筛选 28 种 miRNA。训练阶段（30 名 STAD 患者对 24 名 HC）和验证阶段（80 名 STAD 患者对 80 名 HC）用于进一步验证这些 miRNA 的身份。还使用了 Kaplan-Meier 生存分析和生物信息学分析。结果. 与 HCs 相比，STAD 血清中 miR-125b-5p 和 miR-196a-5p 的表达水平上调，而 miR-1-3p 和 miR-149-5p 显示相反的结果。构建了一个四血清 miRNA panel，发现受试者工作特征曲线下面积 (AUC) 为 0.892 (95% CI: 0.834 to 0.936,, ）。在生存分析中，只有 miR-125b-5p 表达在 STAD 患者和 NC 之间显示出显着差异。神经营养因子信号通路与 STAD 患者中鉴定的 4 种 miRNA 相关。结论。四血清 miRNA 组合具有巨大的潜力，可用作 STAD 诊断的非侵入性生物标志物。