Objective:This study examines the relationship of serum total tau, neurofilament light (NFL), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with neurocognitive performance in service members and veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Method:Service members (n = 488) with a history of uncomplicated mild (n = 172), complicated mild, moderate, severe, or penetrating TBI (sTBI; n = 126), injured controls (n = 116), and non-injured controls (n = 74) prospectively enrolled from Military Treatment Facilities. Participants completed a blood draw and neuropsychological assessment a year or more post-injury. Six neuropsychological composite scores and presence/absence of mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) were evaluated. Within each group, stepwise hierarchical regression models were conducted.Results:Within the sTBI group, increased serum UCH-L1 was related to worse immediate memory and delayed memory (R2Δ = .065–.084, ps < .05) performance, while increased GFAP was related to worse perceptual reasoning (R2Δ = .030, p = .036). Unexpectedly, within injured controls, UCH-L1 and GFAP were inversely related to working memory (R2Δ = .052–.071, ps < .05), and NFL was related to executive functioning (R2Δ = .039, p = .021) and MNCD (Exp(B) = 1.119, p = .029).Conclusions:Results suggest GFAP and UCH-L1 could play a role in predicting poor cognitive outcome following complicated mild and more severe TBI. Further investigation of blood biomarkers and cognition is warranted.

中文翻译：

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血液生物标志物与服役人员和退伍军人脑外伤后数年的认知表现有关

目的：本研究探讨血清总 tau、神经丝光 (NFL)、泛素羧基末端水解酶 L1 (UCH-L1) 和胶质原纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP) 与服役和退伍军人神经认知能力的关系。创伤性脑损伤（TBI）。方法：服务成员（n= 488) 有简单的轻度 (n= 172)，复杂的轻度、中度、重度或穿透性 TBI (sTBI;n= 126)，受伤对照 (n= 116) 和未受伤的对照 (n= 74) 从军事治疗设施前瞻性登记。参与者在受伤一年或更长时间后完成了抽血和神经心理学评估。评估了六个神经心理学综合评分和轻度神经认知障碍 (MNCD) 的存在/不存在。在每组内进行逐步分层回归模型。结果：在sTBI组内，血清UCH-L1升高与即刻记忆和延迟记忆差有关（R2Δ = .065–.084,ps < .05) 表现，而增加的 GFAP 与较差的感知推理有关 (R2Δ = .030,p= .036)。出乎意料的是，在受伤的对照组中，UCH-L1 和 GFAP 与工作记忆呈负相关（R2Δ = .052–.071，ps < .05), NFL 与执行功能有关 (R2Δ = .039，p= .021) 和 MNCD (Exp(乙) = 1.119,p= .029)。结论：结果表明 GFAP 和 UCH-L1 可以在预测复杂的轻度和更严重 TBI 后的不良认知结果中发挥作用。有必要进一步研究血液生物标志物和认知。