ABSTRACT

Crop residue burning is a major issue in farmers’ fields of Indo-Gangetic Plain and Central India. It emits air pollutants and GHGs into the atmosphere, adversely affects soil, crop yields, human health and the environment. Weed infestation is also a major problem and affects overall crop yield. Therefore, a 2-year farm experiment was conducted at farmers’ fields with three treatments – current farmers’ practice (FP), conservation agriculture with improved weed management (CAW) and conservation agriculture without any weed management (CA) – from kharif (monsoon) 2017 to summer 2019 to manage crop residue and weeds. A happy seeder and tractor-operated boom sprayer were also introduced in CA and CAW. Total 51 t of crop residue was generated from 2 ha of rice-wheat-greengram cultivation area. In FP this crop residue was burned, but it was utilized as mulch in CA and CAW, thus, emission of 34,400 kg CO₂e was avoided and energy potential of 100.1 × 10⁴ MJ was created. The CAW produced percent higher crop yield of 21, 22.5 and 44.4%in first year and 20.6, 20 and 30% in second year of crop cycle respectively in rice (4.6 & 4.1 t ha⁻¹), wheat (4.9 & 4.1 t ha⁻¹) and greengram (1.3 & 1.3 t ha⁻¹).

摘要

作物残渣燃烧是印度恒河平原和印度中部农民的一个主要问题。它向大气排放空气污染物和温室气体，对土壤，农作物产量，人类健康和环境造成不利影响。杂草侵扰也是一个主要问题，影响了作物的整体产量。因此，2年的实验农场在开展农民的田地有三种治疗方法-当前农民的做法（FP），保护性农业与改进杂草管理（CAW）和农业保护没有任何杂草管理（CA） -从秋收（季风）2017年至2019年夏季，处理作物残留物和杂草。在CA和CAW中还引入了一种快乐的播种机和拖拉机操作的悬臂喷雾器。2公顷水稻-小麦-绿色谷物种植面积产生了51吨农作物残渣。在FP中，这种作物残渣被燃烧，但在CA和CAW中用作覆盖物，因此避免了34,400 kg CO ₂ e的排放，并产生了100.1×10 ⁴  MJ的能量势。在水稻（4.6＆4.1 t ha ^-1），小麦（4.9＆4.1 t ha）的作物周期的第一年和第二年，CAW分别提高了21％，22.5％和44.4％和第二年的20.6％，20％和30％的产量。^-1）和格林格拉姆（1.3＆1.3 t ha ^-1）。