Abstract The identification of nutritional disorders in plants induced by cadmium (Cd), based only on nutrient concentration, can fail and conceal links with biochemical and physiological events. In this study, the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and nutritional balance index (NBI) were evaluated as auxiliary tools for diagnosing nutritional disorders in two Panicum maximum genotypes (Tanzania and Massai) which have contrasting behaviors for Cd translocation from roots to shoot. The correlation between nutritional disorders and Cd translocation in these plants was also checked. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in shoots of both grasses were extracted from studies previously published to form the database and develop DRIS, in which P. maximum cv. Tanzania was exposed to 0, 1, and 2 mmol L−1 of Cd, for eleven days, while P. maximum cv. Massai was exposed to 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mmol L−1 of Cd, for nine days. DRIS and NBI were obtained by calculations from nutrient concentrations in the shoot. Only P, S, and Zn concentrations in the shoot of P. maximum cv. Tanzania and P, K, S, Cu, and Fe in the shoot of P. maximum cv. Massai were Cd-disturbed from the point of view of nutrient concentration. However, DRIS revealed that the concentrations of Fe and Mn in the shoot of P. maximum cv. Tanzania exposed to Cd were considerably higher compared to other nutrients, enabling us to better understand certain biochemical and physiological Cd-induced events which occurred. Moreover, DRIS revealed that the Cd-induced nutritional disorders in the shoot of P. maximum cv. Massai were Cd-level dependent, and NBI confirmed that nutritional Cd-induced disorders in P. maximum increased when Cd translocation from roots to shoot was higher. In conclusion, DRIS and NBI revealed Cd-induced nutritional disorders that had previously been obscure. Therefore, their use as auxiliary tools for diagnosing Cd-induced nutritional disorders is recommended.

中文翻译：

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诊断和推荐综合系统和营养平衡指数揭示了镉植物提取物中镉诱导的最大粳稻营养障碍

摘要 镉 (Cd) 引起的植物营养障碍的鉴定，仅基于养分浓度，可能会失败并掩盖与生化和生理事件的联系。在这项研究中，诊断和推荐综合系统 (DRIS) 和营养平衡指数 (NBI) 被评估作为诊断营养障碍的两个 Panicum 最大基因型（坦桑尼亚和马赛）的辅助工具，这些基因型在 Cd 从根部到地上部的易位具有对比行为。 . 还检查了这些植物中营养障碍与 Cd 易位之间的相关性。两种草的枝条中的 N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Cu、Fe、Mn 和 Zn 浓度是从先前发表的研究中提取的，以形成数据库并开发 DRIS，其中 P.maximum cv. 坦桑尼亚暴露于 0、1 和 2 mmol L−1 的 Cd，十一天，而 P. 最大 cv。Massai 暴露于 0、0.1 和 0.5 mmol L-1 的 Cd，持续 9 天。DRIS 和 NBI 是通过计算芽中的养分浓度而获得的。最大品种 P. 的枝条中只有 P、S 和 Zn 浓度。坦桑尼亚和 P、K、S、Cu 和 Fe 在 P. 最大 cv 的枝条中。从养分浓度的角度来看，Massai 受到 Cd 的干扰。然而，DRIS 揭示了最大 P. cv 枝条中 Fe 和 Mn 的浓度。与其他营养素相比，坦桑尼亚暴露于 Cd 中的含量要高得多，这使我们能够更好地了解发生的某些生化和生理 Cd 诱导事件。此外，DRIS 揭示了 Cd 诱导的 P. maximum cv. 枝条中的营养障碍。Massai 依赖于 Cd 水平，NBI 证实营养性 Cd 诱导的 P. 当从根部到地上部的 Cd 易位较高时，最大值增加。总之，DRIS 和 NBI 揭示了以前不为人知的 Cd 诱导的营养障碍。因此，建议将它们用作诊断 Cd 引起的营养障碍的辅助工具。