Background: Social media is commonly used in public health interventions to promote cancer screening and early diagnosis, as it can rapidly deliver targeted public health messages to large numbers of people. However, there is currently little understanding of the breadth of social media interventions and evaluations, whether they are effective, and how they might improve outcomes. Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the evidence for social media interventions to improve cancer screening and early diagnosis, including their impact on behavior change and how they facilitate behavior change. Methods: Five databases and the grey literature were searched to identify qualitative and quantitative evaluations of social media interventions targeting cancer screening and early diagnosis. Two reviewers independently reviewed each abstract. Data extraction was carried out by one author and verified by a second author. Data on engagement was extracted using an adapted version of the key performance indicators and metrics related to social media use in health promotion. Insights, exposure, reach, and differing levels of engagement, including behavior change, were measured. The behavior change technique taxonomy was used to identify how interventions facilitated behavior change. Results: Of the 23 publications and reports included, the majority (16/23, 70%) evaluated national cancer awareness campaigns (eg, breast cancer awareness month). Most interventions delivered information via Twitter (13/23, 57%), targeted breast cancer (12/23, 52%), and measured exposure, reach, and low- to medium-level user engagement, such as number of likes (9/23, 39%). There were fewer articles about colorectal and lung cancer than about breast and prostate cancer campaigns. One study found that interventions had less reach and engagement from ethnic minority groups. A small number of articles (5/23, 22%) suggested that some types of social media interventions might improve high-level engagement, such as intended and actual uptake of screening. Behavior change techniques, such as providing social support and emphasizing the consequences of cancer, were used to engage users. Many national campaigns delivered fundraising messages rather than actionable health messages. Conclusions: The limited evidence suggests that social media interventions may improve cancer screening and early diagnosis. Use of evaluation frameworks for social media interventions could help researchers plan more robust evaluations that measure behavior change. We need a greater understanding of who engages with these interventions to know whether social media can be used to reduce some health inequalities in cancer screening and early diagnosis.

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中文翻译：

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使用社交媒体促进癌症筛查和早期诊断：范围回顾

背景：社交媒体通常用于公共卫生干预措施中，以促进癌症筛查和早期诊断，因为它可以迅速向大量人群传递有针对性的公共卫生信息。但是，目前对社交媒体干预和评估的广度，是否有效以及如何改善结果的了解很少。目的：这项范围界定性审查旨在为社交媒体干预措施以改善癌症筛查和早期诊断提供证据，包括其对行为改变的影响以及它们如何促进行为改变。方法：检索五个数据库和灰色文献，以定性和定量评估针对癌症筛查和早期诊断的社交媒体干预措施。两名审稿人独立审阅每个摘要。数据提取由一位作者进行，并由另一位作者验证。关于参与度的数据是使用关键绩效指标和与健康促进中使用社交媒体有关的指标的改编版提取的。测量了洞察力，曝光度，影响力和参与程度，包括行为改变。行为改变技术分类法用于确定干预如何促进行为改变。结果：在包括的23种出版物和报告中，大多数（16/23，70％）评估了全国癌症意识运动（例如，乳腺癌意识月）。大多数干预措施都是通过Twitter（13/23，57％），针对乳腺癌（12/23，52％）以及已测量的接触率，覆盖率以及中低级用户参与度（例如喜欢人数）传递信息的（9 / 23，39％）。关于结直肠癌和肺癌的文章少于关于乳腺癌和前列腺癌运动的文章。一项研究发现，少数族裔群体参与的干预措施较少。少数文章（5 / 23，22％）表明，某些类型的社交媒体干预措施可能会提高高层参与度，例如筛查的预期和实际使用。行为改变技术（例如提供社会支持和强调癌症的后果）被用来吸引用户。许多全国性运动传达的是筹款信息，而不是可行的健康信息。结论：有限的证据表明，社交媒体干预可以改善癌症筛查和早期诊断。将评估框架用于社交媒体干预措施可以帮助研究人员计划更健壮的评估，以衡量行为变化。我们需要对谁参与这些干预措施有更深入的了解，以了解社交媒体是否可以用于减少癌症筛查和早期诊断中的某些健康不平等现象。

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