Urbanization has recently emerged as an exciting new direction for evolutionary research founded on our growing understanding of rapid evolution paired with the expansion of novel urban habitats. Urbanization can influence adaptive and nonadaptive evolution in urban‐dwelling species, but generalized patterns and the predictability of urban evolutionary responses within populations remain unclear. This editorial introduces the special feature “Evolution in Urban Environments” and addresses four major emerging themes, which include: (a) adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity via physiological responses to urban climate, (b) adaptive evolution via phenotype–environment relationships in urban habitats, (c) population connectivity and genetic drift in urban landscapes, and (d) human–wildlife interactions in urban spaces. Here, we present the 16 articles (12 empirical, 3 review, 1 capstone) within this issue and how they represent each of these four emerging themes in urban evolutionary biology. Finally, we discuss how these articles address previous questions and have now raised new ones, highlighting important new directions for the field.

中文翻译：

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城市演变逐渐显现：新兴领域的新兴主题和未来方向


城市化最近已成为进化研究的一个令人兴奋的新方向，其基础是我们对快速进化的不断了解以及新城市栖息地的扩张。城市化可以影响城市居住物种的适应性和非适应性进化，但种群内城市进化反应的普遍模式和可预测性仍不清楚。这篇社论介绍了“城市环境中的进化”这一专题，并讨论了四个主要的新兴主题，其中包括：（a）通过对城市气候的生理反应实现的适应性进化和表型可塑性，（b）通过城市生境中表型与环境关系的适应性进化，（c）城市景观中的人口连通性和遗传漂变，以及（d）城市空间中的人类与野生动物的相互作用。在这里，我们介绍了本期的 16 篇文章（12 篇实证文章、3 篇评论文章、1 篇顶点文章）以及它们如何代表城市进化生物学中这四个新兴主题。最后，我们讨论这些文章如何解决以前的问题以及现在提出的新问题，强调该领域的重要新方向。