Crop pests (weeds, pathogens and insects) have rapidly evolved resistance in response to the intense selection imposed by pesticide use in agriculture (Hawkins et al., 2019). The evolution of resistance to herbicides in weed populations is directly linked to their recurrent exposure to herbicide selection (Neve and Powles, 2005a; Neve and Powles, 2005b). Several empirical studies investigating the underlying principles of population genetics, ecology and evolution suggest a greater risk of resistance selection when pesticides are alternated (i.e. rotation) instead of used in combination (sequences, mixtures) (Beckie and Reboud, 2009; Lagator et al., 2013a; Lagator et al., 2013b). Simulation modelling has supported the hypothesis of a lower resistance risk with the use of mixtures due to the assumption that the selection of a resistance directly correlates to the initial frequency of resistance alleles in a population (single pesticide use, e.g. 1 × 10−7) Received: 26 May 2020 | Accepted: 30 September 2020 DOI: 10.1111/wre.12453

中文翻译：

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除草剂混合物是否不受抗性影响？黑麦草案例研究

农作物害虫（杂草、病原体和昆虫）已迅速进化出抗性，以应对农业中使用农药所施加的强烈选择（Hawkins 等，2019）。杂草种群对除草剂抗性的演变与其反复接触除草剂选择直接相关（Neve 和 Powles，2005a；Neve 和 Powles，2005b）。几项调查种群遗传学、生态学和进化基本原理的实证研究表明，当农药交替使用（即轮换）而不是组合使用（序列、混合物）时，抗性选择的风险更大（Beckie 和 Reboud，2009 年；Lagator 等人。 , 2013a; Lagator 等人, 2013b)。由于假设抗性的选择与群体中抗性等位基因的初始频率直接相关（单一农药使用，例如 1 × 10−7），模拟模型支持了使用混合物具有较低抗性风险的假设收稿日期：2020 年 5 月 26 日 | 接受：2020 年 9 月 30 日 DOI：10.1111/wre.12453