Lodging reduces grain yield in cereal crops. Understanding the genetic basis of lodging resistance (LR) benefits LR breeding. In the study, 524 accessions from a rice germplasm collection and 193 recombinant inbred lines were phenotyped for 17 LR‐related traits. Height and culm strength (the magnitude of applied force necessary to break the culm) were two major factors affecting LR. We conducted genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and identified 127 LR‐associated loci. Significant phenotypic correlations between culm‐strength traits and yield‐related traits were observed. To reveal the genetic relationship between them, we conducted GWAS of culm‐strength traits with adding yield‐related trait as a covariate and detected 63 loci linking culm strength and yield. As a proof, a near‐isogenic line for an association locus on chromosome 7 showed enhanced LR and yield. Strikingly, 58 additional loci were identified in the covariate‐added GWAS. Several LR‐associated loci had undergone divergent selection. Linkage analysis supported the GWAS results. We propose that introgression of alleles beneficial for both culm strength and panicle weight without negative effects on panicle number or pyramiding high‐yielding alleles and lodging‐resistant alleles without effects on yield can be employed for the post‐Green‐Revolution breeding.

中文翻译：

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抗倒伏和产量的遗传分析为水稻绿色革命后的育种提供了见识

寄宿会降低谷物作物的谷物产量。了解抗倒伏性（LR）的遗传基础有利于LR育种。在这项研究中，从17种LR相关性状表型分析了524个水稻种质资源和193个重组自交系。高度和茎杆强度（破坏茎杆所需的施加力的大小）是影响LR的两个主要因素。我们进行了全基因组关联研究（GWAS），确定了127个与LR相关的基因座。在茎秆强度性状和产量相关性状之间存在显着的表型相关性。为了揭示它们之间的遗传关系，我们对茎秆强度性状进行了GWAS分析，并添加了产量相关性状作为协变量，并检测了63个将茎秆强度与产量联系起来的基因座。作为证明，7号染色体上一个相关基因座的近等基因系显示出增强的LR和产量。令人惊讶的是，在协变量添加的GWAS中发现了58个其他基因座。几个与LR相关的基因座经历了不同的选择。连锁分析支持了GWAS结果。我们建议，对茎秆强度和穗重均有利而对穗数没有负面影响或金字塔状高产等位基因和抗倒伏等位基因对产量无影响的等位基因渗入可用于后绿色革命育种。