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Stress gradients interact with disturbance to reveal alternative states in salt marsh: Multivariate resilience at the landscape scale
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13552 Scott F. Jones 1, 2 , Camille L. Stagg 3 , Erik S. Yando 2, 4 , W. Ryan James 2 , Kevin J. Buffington 1 , Mark W. Hester 2
中文翻译：
应力梯度与扰动相互作用，揭示盐沼中的替代状态：景观尺度上的多元弹性
更新日期：2020-11-27
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13552 Scott F. Jones 1, 2 , Camille L. Stagg 3 , Erik S. Yando 2, 4 , W. Ryan James 2 , Kevin J. Buffington 1 , Mark W. Hester 2
Affiliation
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- Stress gradients influence many ecosystem processes and properties, including ecosystem recovery from and resistance to disturbance. While recent analytical approaches have advanced multivariate metrics of ecosystem resilience that allow quantification of conceptual resilience models and identification of thresholds of state change, these approaches are not often translated to landscape scales.
- Using natural and restored salt marshes in Louisiana, USA, we quantified plant community recovery and resistance metrics along flooding stress gradients. n‐dimensional hypervolumes of plant community biomass and structure were simulated using field data collected from disturbance‐recovery experiments. The relationships between multivariate resilience metrics and flooding stress gradients were then mapped at community‐ and landscape‐relevant scales by scaling with airborne‐derived data across the region.
- Greater pre‐disturbance abiotic stress decreased live below‐ground, but not above‐ground, biomass, and ultimately led to lower post‐disturbance total recovery, recovery rates and resistance of plant communities. Vegetated plots flooded >52% of the time transitioned to an alternative, unvegetated state after disturbance. Mapping revealed differences in spatial patterns of resilience—highlighting low, interior marsh edges as especially vulnerable to the combination of chronic flooding stress and acute disturbance. At the landscape scale, approximately half of the area (48%) is vulnerable to state change after pulse disturbances.
- Synthesis. Ultimately, we quantify the ball‐and‐cup conceptual model for a salt marsh ecosystem and its alternative state, mudflat. We find that increasing abiotic stress due to climate change diminishes ecosystem resilience, but the interaction with common episodic disturbances is necessary to reveal transitions to alternative states and quantify state change thresholds. Quantifying and mapping resilience and where alternative states may exist in this fashion improves ecologists' ability to investigate the mechanisms of stress gradient control on emergent ecosystem properties while providing spatially explicit resources for managing ecosystems according to their projected resilience.
中文翻译：
应力梯度与扰动相互作用，揭示盐沼中的替代状态：景观尺度上的多元弹性
- 应力梯度影响许多生态系统的过程和特性，包括生态系统从干扰中恢复和抵抗干扰。虽然最近的分析方法具有先进的生态系统弹性多变量度量标准，可以量化概念性弹性模型并确定状态变化的阈值，但这些方法并不经常转换为景观尺度。
- 利用美国路易斯安那州的天然盐渍地和恢复的盐沼，我们沿着洪水胁迫梯度对植物群落的恢复和抗性指标进行了量化。使用从干扰恢复实验中收集的现场数据模拟了植物群落生物量和结构的n维超体积。然后，通过对整个地区的机载数据进行缩放，以社区和景观相关的比例绘制多元弹性指标与洪水应力梯度之间的关系。
- 较大的扰动前非生物胁迫降低了地下生物量，但没有降低地下生物量，最终导致扰动后总恢复，恢复率和植物群落抗性降低。在扰动之后，植被地块淹没> 52％的时间过渡到其他植被状态。测绘揭示了复原力空间格局的差异-突出显示低矮的内部沼泽边缘，特别容易受到长期洪水压力和急性干扰的双重影响。在景观尺度上，大约一半的区域（48％）易受脉冲干扰后状态变化的影响。
- 综合。最终，我们对盐沼生态系统及其替代状态泥滩的球杯概念模型进行了量化。我们发现，由于气候变化而导致的非生物胁迫增加会削弱生态系统的复原力，但与常见的突发性干扰相互作用必须揭示过渡态和量化状态变化阈值。量化和绘制复原力以及以这种方式可能存在替代状态的位置，可以提高生态学家调查新兴生态系统特性上的应力梯度控制机制的能力，同时根据预测的复原力提供空间明确的资源来管理生态系统。
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