Ageing induces a great risk factor that participates in progressing various degenerative diseases morbidities. The main characteristic of ageing is the failure in maintaining homeostasis in the organs with a cellular senescence. Senescence is characterized by reduced cell growth, evade cellular death, and acquiring a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are advantageous cells in regenerative medicine, exerting pleiotropic functions by producing soluble factors, such as exosomes. MSCs and their exosomes (MSCs‐Exo) kinetic are affected by ageing and other aged exosomes. Exosomes biogenesis from aged MSCs is accelerated and their exosomal cargoes, such as miRNAs, vary as compared to those of normal cells. Besides, exosomes from aged MSCs loss their regenerative potential and may negatively influence the function of recipient cells. MSCs‐Exo can improve ageing and age‐related diseases; however, the detailed mechanisms remain yet elusive. Although exosomes‐therapy may serve as a new approach to combat ageing, the translation of preclinical results to clinic needs more extensive investigation on exosomes both on their biology and related techniques. Overall, scrutiny on the effect of ageing on MSCs and vice versa is vital for designing novel therapy using MSCs with focus on the management of older individuals.

中文翻译：

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衰老和间充质干细胞衍生的外来体：分子的见解和挑战

衰老引起很大的危险因素，参与各种退行性疾病的发病。衰老的主要特征是无法通过细胞衰老维持器官的稳态。衰老的特征在于细胞生长减少，逃避细胞死亡以及获得衰老相关的分泌表型（SASP）。间充质干细胞（MSCs）是再生医学中的优势细胞，通过产生可溶性因子（如外泌体）发挥多效功能。MSC及其外泌体（MSCs-Exo）动力学受衰老和其他老化的外泌体影响。与正常细胞相比，老化的MSC的外泌体生物发生得以加速，其外泌体货物（如miRNA）也有所不同。除了，老化的MSC的外泌体失去了再生潜能，可能会对受体细胞的功能产生负面影响。MSCs-Exo可以改善衰老和与年龄有关的疾病；但是，详细的机制仍然难以捉摸。尽管外泌体治疗可能是对抗衰老的一种新方法，但将临床前结果转化为临床需要对外泌体的生物学和相关技术进行更广泛的研究。总体而言，仔细研究衰老对MSC的影响，反之亦然，这对于设计使用MSC的新型疗法至关重要，重点是老年人的管理。将临床前结果转化为临床需要对外泌体的生物学和相关技术进行更广泛的研究。总体而言，仔细研究衰老对MSC的影响，反之亦然，这对于设计使用MSC的新型疗法至关重要，重点是老年人的管理。将临床前结果转化为临床需要对外泌体的生物学和相关技术进行更广泛的研究。总体而言，仔细研究衰老对MSC的影响，反之亦然，这对于设计使用MSC的新型疗法至关重要，重点是老年人的管理。