A second Warburg‐like effect in cancer metabolism: The metabolic shift of glutamine‐derived nitrogen,BioEssays

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A second Warburg‐like effect in cancer metabolism: The metabolic shift of glutamine‐derived nitrogen
BioEssays ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 , DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000169
Manabu Kodama ₁ , Keiichi I Nakayama ₁

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Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for life. Glucose as a carbon source and glutamine as a nitrogen source are important nutrients for cell proliferation. About 100 years ago, it was discovered that cancer cells that have acquired unlimited proliferative capacity and undergone malignant evolution in their host manifest a cancer‐specific remodeling of glucose metabolism (the Warburg effect). Only recently, however, was it shown that the metabolism of glutamine‐derived nitrogen is substantially shifted from glutaminolysis to nucleotide biosynthesis during malignant progression of cancer—which might be referred to as a “second” Warburg effect. In this review, address the mechanism and relevance of this metabolic shift of glutamine‐derived nitrogen in human cancer. We also examine the clinical potential of anticancer therapies that modulate the metabolic pathways of glutamine‐derived nitrogen. This shift may be as important as the shift in carbon metabolism, which has long been known as the Warburg effect.

中文翻译：

Warburg样在癌症代谢中的第二种作用：谷氨酰胺来源的氮的代谢转变

碳和氮是生命必不可少的元素。葡萄糖是碳源，谷氨酰胺是氮源，是细胞增殖的重要营养素。大约100年前，发现具有无限增殖能力并在其宿主中经历恶性进化的癌细胞表现出特定于癌症的葡萄糖代谢重构（Warburg效应）。然而，直到最近，才表明谷氨酰胺衍生的氮的代谢在癌症的恶性发展过程中从谷氨酰胺分解转变为核苷酸生物合成，这可能被称为“第二次” Warburg效应。在这篇综述中，探讨了谷氨酰胺衍生的氮在人类癌症中这种代谢转变的机理和相关性。我们还研究了调节谷氨酰胺来源的氮代谢途径的抗癌疗法的临床潜力。这种变化可能与碳代谢的变化一样重要，而碳代谢的变化早就被称为沃伯格效应。

更新日期：2020-11-25

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