Fast primary regulation and synthetic inertia supply are two novel ancillary services for power system frequency control. Although general agreement about their definition is still missing, these services have started to be recognized and inserted into the grid codes of some transmission system operators, especially to handle isolated systems with large penetration of non-programmable renewable energy sources. The main goal here is to propose a methodology to quantify the capacity needed for each service, in order to guarantee system stability and security when the regulation margins of the conventional generation for standard primary frequency control have already been exploited. In terms of control theory, identifying the required service amounts means computing the values of the gains associated to the related controllers. These are found by solving a non-linear optimization problem: the functional to be minimized is related to the maximum value of the power exchanged for each service after an imbalance and to the relative costs of such maximum power exchanges, while constraints are defined to limit the amplitude and the gradient of the response of grid frequency to the imbalance. The optimization procedure has been tested on an annual scenario for the power system of the Sardinia island: more precisely, with reference to predictions for 2030 of the hourly operating conditions of the system, control parameters have been optimized for each hour, by assuming the loss of the maximum generation or of the maximum absorption as the imbalance source. The most critical situation found in the simulations is for the loss of the maximum absorption: a high gain for the synthetic inertia controller and an even higher gain for the fast primary controller are needed to avoid both the curtailment of renewables and load shedding.

快速的初级调节和合成惯性电源是电力系统频率控制的两种新颖的辅助服务。尽管仍然缺少关于其定义的一般协议，但是这些服务已开始被认可并插入到某些输电系统运营商的电网代码中，特别是用于处理具有大量非可编程可再生能源的隔离系统。此处的主要目标是提出一种方法，以量化每种服务所需的容量，以便在已经开发了用于标准一次频率控制的常规发电方式的调节裕度时保证系统稳定性和安全性。根据控制理论，确定所需的服务金额意味着计算与相关控制器相关的增益值。这些是通过解决非线性优化问题找到的：要最小化的功能与不平衡后每种服务交换的功率最大值以及这种最大功率交换的相对成本有关，同时定义了约束以限制电网频率对不平衡响应的幅度和梯度。优化程序已在撒丁岛岛电力系统的年度方案中进行了测试：更准确地说，参考对2030年系统每小时运行状况的预测，通过假设损失，每小时对控制参数进行了优化。作为不平衡源的最大发电量或最大吸收量。在模拟中发现的最关键情况是最大吸收的损失：