Utilizing biomass in biorefineries is a favorable sustainable method to produce platform chemicals, materials and energy. Conversions of lignocellulosic biomass to chemicals have greatly attracted attention recently due to its abundance in nature and high availability at low costs. The potential of lignocellulosic biomass lies in its ability to be transformed to clean energy, biochemical and industrial products. Furfural has been identified as a valuable platform chemical that can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Furfural could also be regarded as sustainable alternatives to petrochemical products. Currently, more than 80 furfural-derived chemicals are used in various industries. The main aim of this review was to discuss various solvent systems that emerged for furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass. Conventionally, furfural is produced by reactions in aqueous systems employing H₂SO₄ as the catalyst. In an effort to improve furfural production, various solvent systems started to emerge, namely organic solvent system, biphasic system, ionic liquid system, and deep eutectic solvent system. Advantages and limitations of each solvent system were discussed herein. In this review, the background of furfural and its reaction pathways were also discussed. Moreover, opportunities, challenges and limitations to advance furfural production in biorefineries were addressed in this review as well.

在生物精炼厂中利用生物质是生产平台化学品，材料和能源的有利的可持续方法。由于木质纤维素生物质的丰富性和低成本的高可用性，木质纤维素生物质向化学物的转化最近引起了极大的关注。木质纤维素生物质的潜力在于其转化为清洁能源，生化和工业产品的能力。糠醛已被鉴定为可衍生自木质纤维素生物质的有价值的平台化学品。糠醛也可被视为石化产品的可持续替代品。当前，在各个行业中使用了80多种糠醛衍生的化学品。这篇综述的主要目的是讨论从木质纤维素生物质生产糠醛的各种溶剂系统。按照惯例，₂ SO ₄作为催化剂。为了改进糠醛生产，开始出现各种溶剂体系，即有机溶剂体系，双相体系，离子液体体系和深共熔溶剂体系。本文讨论了每种溶剂系统的优点和局限性。在这篇综述中，还讨论了糠醛的背景及其反应途径。此外，本评价还探讨了在生物精炼厂推进糠醛生产的机遇，挑战和局限性。