Long-lasting insecticide treated netting (LLIN) has a number of potential uses for the control of insect pests. Using such netting, stored products may be protected from insects including the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, Coleoptera: Dermestidae) a widespread pest of many agricultural commodities. Here we first examined whether brief exposures of larvae to LLIN, for less than 30 min, decreased the chance of eventual adult emergence compared to larvae exposed on untreated netting. Next, we observed the responses of larvae that were either not exposed to any netting, exposed to untreated netting, or exposed to LLIN for 10 min and then placed in a wind tunnel and monitored for movement toward a stimulus. The wind-tunnel assay was performed either with or without a lure containing kairomones and pheromones known to be attractive to larvae of this species. There was little effect of the LLIN on adult emergence of exposed larvae. However, there were interacting effects of untreated netting and LLIN relating to thigmotaxis and anemotaxis. Larvae not exposed to netting showed increased likelihood of walking upwind if the semiochemical lure was provided, as expected. A similar pattern was observed when the untreated netting was used, but the larvae became more likely to remain stationary in the assay after acclimating to the net. When LLIN was used, the larvae became more likely to move and there was a baseline increase in the likelihood of moving upwind. However, upwind walking was no longer related to semiochemical presentation. These observations suggest that particular care should be used in relation to the airflow patterns and semiochemical landscape of the warehouse settings in which LLIN is deployed.

中文翻译：

---

Trogoderma granarium everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) 对杀虫剂处理的网的亚致死暴露改变触须阻滞和嗅觉介导的麻醉

长效杀虫剂处理网 (LLIN) 在防治害虫方面具有多种潜在用途。使用这种网，可以保护储存的产品免受昆虫的侵害，包括卡普拉甲虫（Trogoderma granarium Everts, Coleoptera: Dermestidae），一种广泛存在于许多农产品中的害虫。在这里，我们首先检查了与暴露在未经处理的网中的幼虫相比，幼虫短暂暴露于 LLIN 少于 30 分钟是否会降低最终成虫出现的机会。接下来，我们观察了未暴露于任何网、暴露于未经处理的网或暴露于 LLIN 10 分钟，然后放置在风洞中并监测向刺激物移动的幼虫的反应。风洞试验是在有或没有含有已知对本物种幼虫有吸引力的kairomones和信息素的诱饵的情况下进行的。LLIN对暴露幼虫的成虫羽化几乎没有影响。然而，未经处理的网和 LLIN 存在与趋触性和趋向性相关的相互作用。如预期的那样，如果提供化学信息素诱饵，未接触网的幼虫会增加逆风行走的可能性。当使用未经处理的网时观察到类似的模式，但幼虫在适应网后更有可能在测定中保持静止。当使用 LLIN 时，幼虫变得更有可能移动，并且逆风移动的可能性基线增加。然而，逆风行走不再与符号化学呈现相关。