Metallic materials under extreme thermo-mechanical-environmental service conditions oftentimes rely on the formation of dense and protective oxide layers, e.g., typically alumina or chromia. Their failures, however, usually emerge from the morphological instability of such layers at the oxide-alloy interface. This work suggests that a tensile, biaxial stress arises in the substrate alloy due to the concomitant oxidation-diffusion-creep processes, which, in contrast to the growth stress in the oxide layer, provides a stabilizing factor that suppresses the rumpling or compositional variation in chromia or alumina interlayers. For rumpling analysis, the substrate tensile stress compensates the growth stress in the oxide layer. The compositional variation is modeled by the stress-domain analysis, which suggests that the substrate tensile stress prefers the growth of high-growth-stress oxide phase at the expense of low-growth-stress one. Our findings have been successfully employed to rationalize recent experiments in superalloys under cyclic oxidation conditions and in carburized or irradiated stainless steels under isothermal oxidation conditions.

在极端热机械环境条件下的金属材料通常依赖于致密和保护性氧化层的形成，例如通常为氧化铝或氧化铬。然而，它们的破坏通常是由这种氧化物-合金界面处的层的形态不稳定性引起的。这项工作表明，由于伴随的氧化-扩散-蠕变过程，在基体合金中产生了拉伸双轴应力，与氧化层中的生长应力相反，它提供了一种稳定因子，可抑制合金中的起皱或组成变化。氧化铬或氧化铝中间层。对于起皱分析，衬底拉伸应力补偿了氧化物层中的生长应力。成分变化通过应力域分析建模，这表明衬底拉伸应力倾向于以高生长应力氧化物相的生长为代价，而以低生长应力氧化物相为代价。我们的发现已成功地用于合理化近期在循环氧化条件下的高温合金以及在等温氧化条件下的渗碳或辐照不锈钢中进行的实验。