Journal of Advanced Research ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.004 Lanting Zeng 1, 2 , Xiaochen Zhou 1, 3 , Yinyin Liao 1, 3 , Ziyin Yang 1, 2, 3
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Background
Tea is the second most popular beverage globally after water and contains abundant specialized metabolites. These metabolites give tea unique quality and are beneficial to human health. Some secondary metabolites are produced to help plants, including tea plants (Camellia sinensis), adapt to variable environment and grow normally. Therefore, whether abundant specialized metabolites have biological functions and play roles in the environmental adaptability of tea plants is of interest.
Aim of review
Research progress regarding the biological functions of specialized metabolites (including catechins, l-theanine, caffeine, and volatile compounds) in tea plants is summarized. Furthermore, the main and characteristic scientific questions regarding tea plant growth in contrast to other economic crops are proposed, including (i) how tea plants adapt to acid soils, (ii) why tea plants have fewer diseases, and (iii) why tea plants and tea green leafhoppers have a symbiotic relationship. Accordingly, the potential adaptive mechanism is summarized, which is related to the function of specialized metabolites in tea plants.
Key scientific concepts of review
This is the most in-depth investigation of biological functions of volatile compounds in tea plants. Direct in vivo evidence in tea plants shows that volatile compounds help defend against insects through plant-to-plant signaling. Furthermore, abundant specialized metabolites are speculated to contribute to the environmental adaptability of tea plants. However, further in vivo evidence and exploration of relevant mechanisms are required for all aspects discussed. This review provides an important reference for basic biological research on the tea plant as a specialized metabolite studying model.
中文翻译：
特殊代谢物在茶树（Camellia sinensis）生物功能和环境适应性中的作用作为代谢物研究模型
背景
茶是仅次于水的全球第二大最受欢迎的饮料，含有丰富的特殊代谢物。这些代谢物赋予茶独特的品质，有益于人体健康。产生一些次生代谢物以帮助植物，包括茶树（Camellia sinensis）适应多变的环境并正常生长。因此，丰富的特化代谢物是否具有生物学功能并在茶树的环境适应性中发挥作用是令人感兴趣的。
审查目的
总结了茶树特殊代谢物（包括儿茶素、L-茶氨酸、咖啡因和挥发性化合物）生物学功能的研究进展。此外，提出了茶树生长与其他经济作物相比的主要和特征科学问题，包括（i）茶树如何适应酸性土壤，（ii）为什么茶树的疾病较少，以及（iii）为什么茶树和茶绿叶蝉有共生关系。据此总结了潜在的适应机制，这与茶树中特化代谢物的功能有关。
审查的关键科学概念
这是对茶树中挥发性化合物生物学功能的最深入研究。茶树的直接体内证据表明，挥发性化合物通过植物到植物的信号传导有助于抵御昆虫。此外，推测丰富的特殊代谢物有助于茶树的环境适应性。然而，讨论的所有方面都需要进一步的体内证据和相关机制的探索。本综述为茶树作为一种专门的代谢物研究模型的基础生物学研究提供了重要参考。
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