Discontinuous changes in thermodynamic properties across a very thin-phase interface and irregular deformations in the interfacial shape are accompanied by phase changes. Therefore, to simulate the phase-change phenomenon with a finite-sized mesh system is very challenging. Various numerical phase-change models have been developed, and several of them have been embedded in commercial computational fluid dynamics codes. However, the temperature reproducibility has not been dealt with carefully. In this study, we focused on the fact that most of the numerical phase-change models treat phase changes from a volumetric perspective, even though the phase change is definitely an interfacial phenomenon. We solved the one-dimensional (1D) Stefan condensation problem using four well-known numerical phase-change models (two temperature-difference phase-change models and two heat-flux phase-change models). Since the 1D Stefan problem has no convective effects, it is appropriate for investigating the inherent features of models exclusively. The temperature changes and interface movement with time were compared according to the applied phase-change model. Non-physical stepwise temperature changes over time were observed in models based on a volumetric perspective. The error analysis for different grid and time-step sizes was presented for the four different phase-change models.

中文翻译：

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使用四种众所周知的相变模型在一维 Stefan 凝结问题中界面单元周围的温度变化


非常薄相界面上热力学性质的不连续变化和界面形状的不规则变形都伴随着相变。因此，用有限尺寸的网格系统模拟相变现象非常具有挑战性。人们已经开发了各种数值相变模型，其中一些模型已嵌入商业计算流体动力学代码中。然而，温度再现性尚未得到仔细处理。在这项研究中，我们关注的事实是，大多数数值相变模型从体积角度处理相变，尽管相变绝对是一种界面现象。我们使用四个著名的数值相变模型（两个温差相变模型和两个热通量相变模型）解决了一维（1D）Stefan 凝结问题。由于一维 Stefan 问题没有对流效应，因此适合专门研究模型的固有特征。根据所应用的相变模型，比较了温度变化和界面运动随时间的变化。在基于体积视角的模型中观察到非物理温度随时间的逐步变化。针对四种不同的相变模型，提出了不同网格和时间步长的误差分析。