Azole resistance is a concern for the management of diseases caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in humans. Azole fungicide use in the environment has been identified as a possible cause for development of resistance, which increases the complexity and number of stakeholders involved in this emerging problem. A workshop was held in Amsterdam early 2019 in which stakeholders, including medical and agricultural researchers, representatives from the government, public health, fungicide producers and end-users, reviewed the current evidence supporting environmental selection for resistance and to discuss which research and measures are needed to retain the effectiveness of the azole class for environmental and medical applications. This paper provides an overview of the latest insights and understanding of azole resistance development in the clinical setting and the wider environment. A One Health problem approach was undertaken to list and prioritize which research will be needed to provide missing evidence and to enable preventive interventions.

耐唑对烟曲霉引起的疾病的治疗很重要在人类中。在环境中使用偶氮类杀菌剂已被确定为产生抗药性的可能原因，这增加了涉及这一新问题的利益相关者的复杂性和数量。2019年初在阿姆斯特丹举行了一个研讨会，其中包括医学和农业研究人员，政府代表，公共卫生，杀菌剂生产商和最终用户在内的利益相关者回顾了支持选择环境进行抗药性的当前证据，并讨论了哪些研究和措施是可行的。需要保持唑类在环境和医学应用中的有效性。本文概述了在临床环境和更广泛的环境中对唑耐药性发展的最新见解和理解。