The origin of parasitic reaction formed/dissolved during the electrochemical reaction at the interface and the conformity role of H⁺/H₂O carrier during electrochemical reaction in aqueous Zn salt electrolyte medium of aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs), is almost recognized halfway; albeit the consequence of this side reaction is not established yet. Through operando X-ray diffraction analyses in two different electrolytes, the parasitic phases and the dual carriers are recognized in a hyper non-stoichiometry layered oxide of V₆O_13+x.nH₂O as cathode. Indeed, galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) and operando potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) techniques are utilized to clearly show the parasitic phase of thick ZBS (zinc basic sulfate) layer negatively influence the reaction kinetics at the interface in ZnSO₄ electrolyte and hence the performance, especially at low current surges. Thus, the layered cathode demonstrated exceptional stability especially in Zn (CF₃SO₃)₂ electrolyte. For example, in a 1 M ZnSO₄/1 M Zn (CF₃SO₃)₂ aqueous electrolyte, nearly 80/65% capacity retention over 2,000/5000 cycles at 15 C is exhibited. Comparative GITT investigations on the overpotential and electrochemical kinetics in ZnSO₄ and water electrolytes offer strong evidence for the continuous and reversible co-intercalation of dual carriers of Zn²⁺and H⁺/H₂O.

几乎可以识别出在电化学反应期间在界面上形成/溶解的寄生反应的起源，以及在电化学反应中H ⁺ / H ₂ O载体在水性可充电锌离子电池的锌盐电解质介质中的一致性作用。半; 尽管尚未确定这种副反应的结果。通过在两种不同电解质中的操作X射线衍射分析，可以在V ₆ O _{13+ x}的超非化学计量层状氧化物中识别出寄生相和双载流子_。nH ₂O作为阴极。确实，恒电流间歇滴定（GITT）和操作恒电位电化学阻抗谱（PEIS）技术被用来清楚地表明厚ZBS（碱式硫酸锌）层的寄生相对ZnSO ₄电解质界面处的反应动力学有负面影响。性能，尤其是在低电流浪涌时。因此，层状阴极尤其在Zn（CF ₃ SO ₃）₂电解质中显示出优异的稳定性。例如，于1M的ZnSO ₄ / 1M的Zn（CF ₃ SO ₃）₂水性电解质，在15°C的2,000 / 5000个循环中显示了近80/65％的容量保持率。GITT对ZnSO ₄和水电解质中的超电势和电化学动力学的比较研究为Zn ²⁺和H ⁺ / H ₂ O双载流子的连续和可逆共嵌入提供了有力证据。