Abstract Toward the accurate electrical and mechanical modulations of the piezoelectric harvester, this paper presents a unified electromechanical-coupled voltage equation and a damping determination method. A single differential equation for the voltage is obtained that accommodates mechanical and electrical physics for which the exact transient solution is presented. In addition, the fully coupled relationship between the voltage output, the driving vibration frequency, and the resistive electrical load is clarified. A simple method is devised to determine the damping coefficient from only the voltage time-domain measurements based on the harmonic transient voltage response (HTVR). The HTVR uses the transient characteristics of the voltage measurements. The results showed that the electromechanical-coupling effect on the harvester resonant frequency is influential for the kilo Ohm scale electrical loads. This finding is contributed to the piezoelectric harvester’s frequency-matched design by calculating the accurate coupled natural frequency. The results also proved the ability of the HTVR in the accurate determination of the damping coefficient without prior modeling and using only the voltage measurements made on the piezoelectric harvester. The results also demonstrate the HTVR ability for characterizing the piezoelectric harvester by accurate damping determination under any arbitrary-frequency harmonic excitation even with noisy, polluted voltage measurements.

中文翻译：

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利用统一机电电压方程的瞬态分析确定压电采集器阻尼的实验研究

摘要 针对压电采集器的精确电气和机械调制，本文提出了统一的机电耦合电压方程和阻尼确定方法。获得了电压的单个微分方程，该方程适用于机械和电气物理，并为其提供了精确的瞬态解。此外，阐明了电压输出、驱动振动频率和电阻性电气负载之间的全耦合关系。设计了一种简单的方法来根据谐波瞬态电压响应 (HTVR) 仅通过电压时域测量来确定阻尼系数。HTVR 使用电压测量的瞬态特性。结果表明，机电耦合对收割机谐振频率的影响对千欧姆级电气负载有影响。通过计算精确的耦合固有频率，这一发现有助于压电采集器的频率匹配设计。结果还证明了 HTVR 能够准确确定阻尼系数，而无需事先建模并且仅使用在压电采集器上进行的电压测量。结果还证明了 HTVR 通过在任何任意频率谐波激励下准确确定阻尼来表征压电采集器的能力，即使是在嘈杂、污染的电压测量中也是如此。通过计算精确的耦合固有频率，这一发现有助于压电采集器的频率匹配设计。结果还证明了 HTVR 在无需事先建模且仅使用压电采集器上进行的电压测量的情况下准确确定阻尼系数的能力。结果还证明了 HTVR 通过在任何任意频率谐波激励下准确确定阻尼来表征压电采集器的能力，即使是在嘈杂、污染的电压测量中也是如此。通过计算精确的耦合固有频率，这一发现有助于压电采集器的频率匹配设计。结果还证明了 HTVR 能够准确确定阻尼系数，而无需事先建模并且仅使用在压电采集器上进行的电压测量。结果还证明了 HTVR 通过在任何任意频率谐波激励下准确确定阻尼来表征压电采集器的能力，即使是在嘈杂、污染的电压测量中也是如此。