Abstract Stirling engines (SE) offer good part load performance and high heat sink temperatures which make it a suitable candidate to serve as a prime mover in micro-combined cooling, heating and power ( μ -CCHP) applications. In this study, a novel μ -CCHP configuration hybridising a SE prime mover with an ORC to utilise the waste heat from the SE to produce additional power is proposed. Additional waste heat was recovered from the flue gas to dry the biomass feedstock, fire a thermal chiller and produce hot water. Further, a non-ideal thermal model was formulated and implemented in MATLAB to model the SE prime mover while the models of the other subsystems were implemented in Aspen plus®. Also, the control of the subsystems of the μ -CCHP was achieved in MATLAB by establishing a connection between the software and Aspen plus®. A detailed sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the influence of cooling and heating loads, rotational speed of the prime mover and quality of the biomass fuel on the energy utilisation factor, primary energy savings (PES), CO2 emissions reduction (CO2ER) and exergy efficiency of the μ -CCHP system. It was found that hybridising SE and ORC increased the power output and thermal efficiency of the standalone SE by 66% and 63.4%, respectively at its operating speed of 2500 rpm, and also improved the performance at high rotational speeds. Further, the deployment of hybrid prime movers in the design of the μ -CCHP yielded high PES and CO2ER of 55% and 43%, respectively when the system utilised woodchips fuel containing 10% moisture. The proposed energy system performs better than conventional energy systems producing only one energy vector over a wide range of engine frequencies, cooling ratios and woodchips compositions.

中文翻译：

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由混合斯特林和 ORC 发动机驱动的生物质燃料微型 CCHP 的技术环境经济评估

摘要 斯特林发动机 (SE) 具有良好的部分负载性能和高散热片温度，使其成为微型冷却、加热和电力 (μ-CCHP) 应用中的原动机的合适候选者。在这项研究中，提出了一种新型 μ-CCHP 配置，将 SE 原动机与 ORC 混合，以利用 SE 的废热产生额外的电力。从烟道气中回收额外的废热以干燥生物质原料、点燃热冷却器并生产热水。此外，在 MATLAB 中制定并实施了一个非理想热模型，以对 SE 原动机进行建模，而其他子系统的模型则在 Aspen plus® 中实施。此外，μ-CCHP 子系统的控制是在 MATLAB 中通过在软件和 Aspen plus® 之间建立连接来实现的。进行了详细的敏感性分析，以研究冷热负荷、原动机转速和生物质燃料质量对能源利用系数、一次能源节约（PES）、二氧化碳减排（CO2ER）和火用效率的影响μ-CCHP 系统。结果表明，SE 和 ORC 的混合使独立 SE 在 2500 rpm 的运行速度下的功率输出和热效率分别提高了 66% 和 63.4%，并且还提高了高转速下的性能。此外，当系统使用含水量为 10% 的木片燃料时，在 μ-CCHP 的设计中部署混合动力原动机产生了分别为 55% 和 43% 的高 PES 和 CO2ER。