In an increasingly anthropogenic world, the scientific community and managers have to take interactions between the drivers of ecosystems into consideration. Tools like ecological network analysis (ENA) indices offer the opportunity to study those interactions at the ecosystem level. However, ENA indices have never been used to test the incidence of cumulative drivers. The present study uses models combining the effects of (i) the reef caused by the future offshore wind farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer and (ii) climate change on species distribution, to test the response of multiple ENA indices. ENA indices proved sensitive to this cumulative impact, displaying a wide variety of cumulative effects. They were also very powerful to characterize the role of the cumulative impact on ecosystem functioning. These results demonstrate the capacity of ENA indices to describe and understand cumulative effects at the ecosystem scale. Using a sensitivity analysis approach, this study shows that ENA indices could be viable tools for managers. To help them in their tasks, the next step could be to link ecosystem services to ENA indices for a more practical use.

在一个日益人为化的世界中，科学界和管理者必须考虑到生态系统驱动因素之间的相互作用。诸如生态网络分析（ENA）指数之类的工具为在生态系统层面研究这些相互作用提供了机会。但是，ENA指数从未用于测试累积驱动因素的发生率。本研究使用的模型结合了（i）未来由Courseulles-sur-Mer海上风电场引起的礁石和（ii）气候变化对物种分布的影响，以测试多个ENA指数的响应。事实证明，ENA指数对这种累积影响敏感，显示出各种各样的累积影响。它们还非常有力地表征了累积影响对生态系统功能的作用。这些结果表明，ENA指数具有描述和理解生态系统规模累积效应的能力。使用敏感性分析方法，该研究表明，ENA指数可能是管理人员的可行工具。为了帮助他们完成任务，下一步可能是将生态系统服务与ENA指数联系起来，以更实际地使用。