Metabolism regulates an array of cellular processes from embryonic development through adulthood. These include proliferation, differentiation and the effector functions of adult cells to maintain homeostasis and repair. It is becoming clear that bioenergetic shifts can control how cells respond to environmental disruptions during tissue injury to initiate a healing response. Specifically, innate immune cells shift their phenotypes to initiate and resolve inflammation, and there is intense interest to understand how these responses might regulate healing outcomes. Here, we review recent literature describing how cellular metabolism and metabolic byproducts regulate phenotype conversions among innate immune cells. Although most studies of this kind do not focus on tissue damage, we discuss how metabolic regulation of these phenotypes promotes tissue repair. In particular, we provide a framework for considering the extent to which altering the innate immune response might shift fibrotic repair towards regenerative healing.

代谢调节从胚胎发育到成年的一系列细胞过程。这些包括增殖、分化和成体细胞维持体内平衡和修复的效应功能。越来越清楚的是，生物能量变化可以控制细胞在组织损伤期间如何响应环境破坏以启动愈合反应。具体而言，先天免疫细胞会改变其表型以引发和解决炎症，并且人们对了解这些反应如何调节愈合结果非常感兴趣。在这里，我们回顾了最近的文献，这些文献描述了细胞代谢和代谢副产物如何调节先天免疫细胞之间的表型转换。尽管大多数此类研究并不关注组织损伤，我们讨论了这些表型的代谢调节如何促进组织修复。特别是，我们提供了一个框架来考虑改变先天免疫反应可能将纤维化修复转向再生愈合的程度。