Abstract Artificial freezing ground method is widely applied in adverse geotechnical engineering conditions to improve the strength and reduce permeability of soil. It is a challenge to ascertain the progression of frozen wall and analyze the arrangement of freezing pipes due to the complexity of freezing process involving ice-water phase change and water migration. To analyze the progression of frozen wall and its influencing factors, a hydro-thermo coupling model is established, and a water-conveyance tunnel constructed by artificial freezing method is carried out. The results show that: (1) Water migration and ice-water phase transition have significant influences on temperature distribution, and their effects should not be neglected. (2) The thickness of frozen wall with temperature lower than −10 °C has attained the required design value at the end of active freezing. Meantime, under drive of temperature gradient, water migrates and redistributes. (3) The interval angle for two adjacent pipes is the main influencing factor on progression of frozen wall, followed by the freezing pipe diameter and horizontal spacing. Additionally, for coarse-grained soil, the influence of seepage on development of frozen wall is significant. This study will provide a theoretical reference for frozen wall design.

中文翻译：

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人工地面冻结法施工输水隧道的湿热耦合过程

摘要 人工冻土法广泛应用于不利的岩土工程条件下，以提高土体的强度，降低土体的渗透性。由于涉及冰水相变和水迁移的冻结过程的复杂性，确定冻结壁的进展和分析冻结管道的布置是一个挑战。为分析冻结壁的发展过程及其影响因素，建立了水热耦合模型，开展了人工冻结法施工的输水隧道。结果表明：（1）水迁移和冰水相变对温度分布有显着影响，其影响不容忽视。(2) 温度低于-10 ℃的冷冻壁厚在主动冷冻结束时达到设计要求。同时，在温度梯度的驱动下，水会迁移和重新分布。(3) 相邻两管间距角是影响冻结壁行进的主要因素，其次是冻结管直径和水平间距。此外，对于粗粒土，渗流对冻壁发展的影响显着。本研究将为冷冻墙设计提供理论参考。此外，对于粗粒土，渗流对冻壁发展的影响显着。本研究将为冷冻墙设计提供理论参考。此外，对于粗粒土，渗流对冻壁发展的影响显着。本研究将为冷冻墙设计提供理论参考。