Abstract Water supply in Voronezh city, Russian Federation with the population more than 1,1 million people are based only on the groundwater of alluvial the Neogene-Quaternary (N-Q). Due to the riverbank filtration (RBF), the contaminated groundwater provinces with iron pollution formed in the alluvial aquifer. The high iron content in groundwater interferes its use for the Voronezh city's water supply. It may even bring about the inevitable water intakes abandonment due to problems with well clogging. We performed the series of field experiments (chemical tests of groundwater, spring, rain, reservoir and pore water, aquifer and bottom sediments) and numerical simulation to detect the potential iron source in pumped groundwater by riverbank water wells. We found that during the RBF, two contrary processes of Fe behaviour take place. On the one hand, the iron accumulation and transformation due to the iron hydroxides reduction by dissolved organic matter, occur in the bottom sediment. On the other hand, we observe the iron removal process from the bottom sediment due to Fe migration with attracted surface water along hydraulic pathways "surface water - bottom sediments – aquifer – pumping wells". Finally, the mix of the attracted water with dissolved iron with natural Fe-free groundwater coming from the watershed forms the iron concentration pattern in pumping groundwater. The simulation results show that in the 3rd year of the RBF, the iron content reaches a maximum value in pumping groundwater and does not change for the operation time (25 years). Moreover, we have shown that during the long RBF, the iron pollution area will extend and even the northern and southern parts of the water intake facility will be contaminated by iron.

中文翻译：

---

河岸过滤过程中地下水中铁运移的现场研究和反应模拟

摘要 人口超过 110 万的俄罗斯联邦沃罗涅日市的供水仅依靠新近纪-第四纪 (NQ) 冲积层地下水。由于河岸过滤（RBF），在冲积含水层中形成了受铁污染的地下水省。地下水中的高铁含量干扰了其用于沃罗涅日市的供水。由于水井堵塞问题，它甚至可能导致不可避免的取水口废弃。我们进行了一系列现场实验（地下水、泉水、雨水、水库和孔隙水、含水层和底部沉积物的化学测试）和数值模拟，以检测河岸水井抽取的地下水中潜在的铁源。我们发现在 RBF 期间，发生了两个相反的 Fe 行为过程。一方面，溶解的有机物还原氢氧化铁导致的铁积累和转化发生在底部沉积物中。另一方面，我们观察到由于 Fe 迁移和吸引的地表水沿着“地表水 - 底部沉积物 - 含水层 - 抽水井”的水力路径从底部沉积物中去除铁的过程。最后，吸水与溶解的铁与来自流域的天然无铁地下水的混合形成了抽取地下水中的铁浓度模式。模拟结果表明，在RBF第3年，抽地下水中铁含量达到最大值，并且在运行时间（25年）内没有变化。此外，我们已经证明，在长 RBF 期间，