Abstract An evolutionary simulated annealing (ESA) method has been developed for the problem of fuel loading optimization of VVER-1000 reactor. The ESA method improves original simulated annealing by using crossover and mutation operators to generate new trial loading patterns (LPs). A core physics calculation code for fuel LP optimization of VVER reactors (LPO-V) has been developed and verified based on a VVER-1000 MOX benchmark core in comparison with MCNP4c calculations. Calculations for optimizing fuel LP of the VVER-1000 MOX core have been conducted using the ESA method in comparison with simulated annealing (SA) and adaptive simulated annealing (ASA). Statistical differences between these methods were also evaluated based on the Mann–Whitney U test. The results show that the ESA method is advantageous over the SA and ASA.

中文翻译：

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VVER-1000反应堆燃料装载优化的演化模拟退火

摘要 针对VVER-1000反应堆燃料加载优化问题，提出了一种演化模拟退火（ESA）方法。ESA 方法通过使用交叉和变异算子生成新的试验加载模式 (LP) 来改进原始模拟退火。基于 VVER-1000 MOX 基准堆芯，与 MCNP4c 计算相比，开发并验证了用于 VVER 反应堆 (LPO-V) 燃料 LP 优化的堆芯物理计算代码。与模拟退火 (SA) 和自适应模拟退火 (ASA) 相比，使用 ESA 方法进行了优化 VVER-1000 MOX 堆芯燃料 LP 的计算。还基于 Mann-Whitney U 检验评估了这些方法之间的统计差异。结果表明，ESA 方法优于 SA 和 ASA。