Abstract Irrigated agriculture in Pakistan provides food and livelihood security for about 220 million people, mostly living in Punjab and Sindh provinces. This review paper explains the institutional arrangements for water supply and on-farm water management along with their roles. Successful elements covering decades of efforts have also been studied. The implications of less profitability of the farming business are also identified. This paper articulates multiple investments for irrigation infrastructure expansion, on-farm water management, and promotion of resource conservation technologies including public sector demonstration and research projects, cost-sharing/subsidized schemes, and technology introduction with associated training and learning approaches. This draws a clear picture of present-day agriculture and has helped in identifying cracks in the implementation of these practices that need mending for more definitive outcomes. These efforts have resulted in considerable enhancements including, increasing water availability, cropped areas and cropping intensity, promotion of resource conservation technologies, and farm mechanization. Despite these attempts, farming is no more a profitable business for the majority of farmers while water productivity remains the lowest in the region. There is a constant decline of the share of agriculture sector and labor in gross domestic product of the country. The divide between on-farm water management and irrigation departments, requires formulation of a new governance model keeping in view the past experiences to make farming a profitable business.

中文翻译：

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对巴基斯坦现有农场灌溉水管理计划成功要素的批判

摘要 巴基斯坦的灌溉农业为大约 2.2 亿人提供了粮食和生计安全，其中大部分人居住在旁遮普省和信德省。这篇评论文章解释了供水和农场用水管理的制度安排及其作用。还研究了涵盖数十年努力的成功要素。还确定了农业业务盈利能力下降的影响。本文阐述了对灌溉基础设施扩建、农场水资源管理和资源保护技术推广的多项投资，包括公共部门示范和研究项目、成本分摊/补贴计划以及相关培训和学习方法的技术引进。这描绘了当今农业的清晰图景，并有助于确定这些实践的实施中的裂缝，需要修补以获得更明确的结果。这些努力取得了显着的进步，包括增加可用水量、种植面积和种植强度、推广资源保护技术和农业机械化。尽管进行了这些尝试，但对大多数农民来说，农业不再是一项有利可图的业务，而水资源生产率仍然是该地区最低的。农业部门和劳动力在国内生产总值中的比重不断下降。农田水管理和灌溉部门之间的分歧，需要根据过去的经验制定新的治理模式，使农业成为一项有利可图的业务。