The environment is increasingly becoming contaminated with chromium (Cr) from increased industrial activity, and this is a serious ecotoxicological concern worldwide. Cr causes serious pollution problems and severe health hazards in living beings. To address contamination concerns, many attempts have been made to remove and recover Cr from wastewaters. To cope with Cr pollution, phytoremediation has emerged as economic and eco-sustainable solution to various physicochemical treatments that are expensive and inefficient, especially at low Cr concentrations. A great variety of plants including aquatic macrophytes and hydroponically grown plants are known to assimilate Cr by directly absorbing, precipitating, and concentrating it from polluted aquatic environments. In view of the above, present review examines the viability of phtoremediation as an eco-sustainable technology for remediation of Cr from aqueos environments. Moreover, such plants also act as catalysts for a variety of chemical and biochemical reactions in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, plants reduce the toxic Cr(VI) to nontoxic Cr(III) and serve as a useful tool for Cr detoxification. Low-molecular weight organic acids secreted by many plants may act as natural chelating agents and can play a major role in enhanced phytoremediation of Cr. This review critically evaluates the efficiency of different plants for Cr removal from wetlands, aqueous solutions and wastewaters. Additionally, an in-depth view on various mechanisms involved during bioaccumulation of Cr in plants is also presented. This review explores current scientific progress in the field of Cr phytoremediation from aqueos environments and presents phytoremediation as a sustainable remediation technology for Cr management.

由于工业活动的增加，环境越来越受到铬（Cr）的污染，这是世界范围内严重的生态毒理学问题。铬引起严重的污染问题和严重的健康危害。为了解决污染问题，已经进行了许多尝试以从废水中去除和回收铬。为了应对铬污染，植物修复已成为经济和生态可持续的解决方案，可解决各种昂贵且效率低下的物理化学处理方法，尤其是在低铬浓度下。众所周知，包括水生植物和水培植物在内的多种植物可以通过从受污染的水生环境中直接吸收，沉淀和浓缩铬来吸收Cr。有鉴于此，本综述探讨了光修复技术作为一种从水环境中修复铬的生态可持续技术的可行性。此外，这些植物还充当根际中各种化学和生化反应的催化剂。此外，植物可将有毒的Cr（VI）还原为无毒的Cr（III），并可用作Cr排毒的有用工具。许多植物分泌的低分子量有机酸可充当天然螯合剂，并在增强Cr的植物修复中起主要作用。这篇评论主要评估了不同工厂从湿地，水溶液和废水中去除铬的效率。此外，还介绍了植物体内铬生物积累过程中涉及的各种机制的深入观点。