The European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), is one of the most important apple orchard pests worldwide. Fenpyroximate, a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor of complex I (METI-I), is a commonly used acaricide to control this pest. In this study, we determined fenpyroximate resistance levels for 11 P. ulmi populations from Iran and a spirodiclofen-resistant strain from Germany (PSR-TK). The LC₅₀ values ranged between 121.8 and 5713.9 mg a.i. L⁻¹ and the highest resistance ratio (RR) was 47-fold for the Padena population. PBO, TPP and DEM synergist ratios (SRs) were the highest for the PSR-TK (SR = 6.7), Shahin Dej (SR = 6.1) and Semirom3 (SR = 3.6) populations, respectively. In vitro enzyme activity measurements also showed that there was a higher glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity in the PSR-TK and Shahin Dej population compared to the most susceptible populations, whereas the esterase and P450 monooxygenase activity were not significantly higher in the resistant populations. Last, we screened all populations for the presence of two mutations previously associated with METI-I resistance in spider mites but none of these mutations could be detected. To conclude, moderate to high levels of fenpyroximate resistance were observed in P. ulmi populations from Iran, with increased detoxification most likely underlying fenpyroximate resistance.

欧洲红螨Panonychus ulmi（Koch）是全世界最重要的苹果园害虫之一。苯吡肟酯是复合物I的线粒体电子传递抑制剂（METI-1），是控制该害虫的常用杀螨剂。在这项研究中，我们确定了来自伊朗的11个P. ulmi种群和来自德国的spirodiclofen耐药菌株（PSR-TK）的芬吡肟酯耐药水平。LC ₅₀值在121.8和5713.9 mg ai L ^-1之间Padena人群的最高抗性比（RR）为47倍。PBO，TPP和DEM增效剂比率（SR）分别为PSR-TK（SR = 6.7），Shahin Dej（SR = 6.1）和Semirom3（SR = 3.6）人群最高。体外酶活性测量结果还表明，与最易感人群相比，PSR-TK和Shahin Dej人群的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）活性更高，而抗药性中的酯酶和P450单加氧酶活性并未明显升高。人口。最后，我们筛选了所有种群中先前与红蜘蛛中的METI-1抗性相关的两个突变的存在，但这些突变均无法检测到。结论是，观察到中度至高水平的芬吡肟酯耐药P.榆来自伊朗的人群，并增加排毒最有可能的潜在唑螨酯阻力。