In the present study, we developed a novel niosomal nanocarrier embedded into a collagen/β- tricalcium phosphate (Col/β-TCP) scaffold for the local delivery of thymol as a natural anti-bacterial reagent. The niosomal Col/β-TCP (N-Col/β-TCP) scaffolds with different weight ratios of β-TCP to Col were prepared by freeze-drying. The antimicrobial activities of the prepared samples against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were assessed by agar diffusion method. The release profile of niosomal thymol from the optimized composite scaffolds showed a sustained profile where 66% of the loaded thymol was released over 30 days. The compressive modulus of niosome added scaffolds with an equal ratio of β-TCP and Col was calculated as 972±1.3KPa. This scaffold showed significantly higher values of cell viability (as evaluated by an MTT assay) against L929 fibroblasts than a scaffold without niosomal thymol after 24 and 72 h. Among synthesized samples, Col/β-TCP1 showed the greatest effectiveness of anti-bacterial activity toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with higher activity against Gram-positive ones. The results of this study highlight the potential of niosomal-thymol loaded Col/β-TCP1 scaffold as an anti-bacterial bone substitute for possible osteomyelitis treatment.

中文翻译：

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骨组织工程应用中掺入抗菌剂的胶原蛋白/磷酸钙支架的合成与表征

在本研究中，我们开发了一种嵌入胶原蛋白/β-磷酸三钙 (Col/β-TCP) 支架的新型 niosomal 纳米载体，用于局部递送百里酚作为天然抗菌试剂。通过冻干制备具有不同β-TCP与Col重量比的niosomal Col/β-TCP (N-Col/β-TCP)支架。采用琼脂扩散法评价制备的样品对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性。从优化的复合支架中释放出的 niosomal 百里酚显示出持续的分布，其中 66% 的负载百里酚在 30 天内被释放。β-TCP和Col等比的niosome添加支架的压缩模量计算为972±1.3KPa。在 24 小时和 72 小时后，该支架对 L929 成纤维细胞的细胞活力值（通过 MTT 测定评估）比不含 niosomal 百里酚的支架显示出显着更高的值。在合成样品中，Col/β-TCP1 对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性最强，对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌活性更高。本研究的结果突出了负载有 niosomal-thymol 的 Col/β-TCP1 支架作为抗菌骨替代物用于治疗骨髓炎的潜力。