Although there exists a well-studied relationship between parking policies and automobile demand, conventional practices evaluating the transportation impacts of new land development tend to ignore this. In this paper, we: (a) explore literature linking parking policies and vehicle use (including vehicle trip generation, vehicle miles traveled [VMT], and trip length) through the lens of development-level evaluations (e.g., transportation impact analyses [TIA]); (b) develop a conceptual map linking development-level parking characteristics and vehicle use outcomes based on previously supported theory and frameworks; and (c) evaluate and discuss the conventional approach to identify the steps needed to operationalize this link, specifically for residential development. Our findings indicate a significant and noteworthy dearth of studies incorporating parking constraints into travel behavior studies—including, but not limited to: parking supply, costs or pricing, and travel demand management strategies such as the impacts of (un)bundled parking in housing costs. Disregarding parking in TIAs ignores a significant indicator in automobile use. Further, unconstrained parking may encourage increases in car ownership, vehicle trips, and VMT in areas with robust alternative-mode networks and accessibility, thus creating greater demand for vehicle travel than would otherwise occur. The conceptual map offers a means for operationalizing the links between: the built environment; socio-economic and demographic characteristics; fixed and variable travel costs; and vehicle use. Implications for practice and future research are explored.

尽管在停车政策和汽车需求之间存在着充分研究的关系，但是评估新土地开发的交通影响的常规做法往往忽略了这一点。在本文中，我们：（a）通过发展水平评估（例如交通影响分析[TIA]）探索将停车政策与车辆使用（包括车辆出行，车辆行驶里程[VMT]和行程长度）联系起来的文献]）; （b）根据先前支持的理论和框架，建立概念图，将发展水平的停车特征与车辆使用结果联系起来；（c）评估和讨论常规方法，以确定实现此链接所需的步骤，特别是针对住宅开发的步骤。我们的发现表明，缺乏将停车限制纳入出行行为研究的大量值得注意的研究-包括但不限于：停车供应，成本或价格，以及出行需求管理策略，例如（无）捆绑停车对住房成本的影响。在TIA中忽略停车位会忽略汽车使用中的重要指标。此外，无限制的停车可能会鼓励在拥有健壮的替代模式网络和可及性的区域内增加汽车拥有量，车辆出行和VMT，从而比其他方式产生更大的车辆出行需求。概念图提供了一种实现以下各项之间的链接的方法：社会经济和人口特征；固定和可变差旅费；和车辆使用。