Three different triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) with three levels of porosity within those of cancellous bone were investigated as potential bone scaffolds. TPMS have emerged as potential designs to resemble the complex mechanical and mass transport properties of bone. Diamond, Schwarz, and Gyroid structures were 3D printed in polylactic acid, a resorbable medical grade material. The 3D printed structures were investigated for printing feasibility, and assessed by morphometric studies. Mechanical properties and permeability investigations resulted in similar values to cancellous bone. The morphometric analyses showed three different patterns of pore distribution: mono-, bi-, and multimodal pores. Subsequently, biological activity investigated with pre-osteoblastic cell lines showed no signs of cytotoxicity, and the scaffolds supported cell proliferation up to 3 weeks. Cell differentiation investigated by alkaline phosphatase showed an improvement for higher porosities and multimodal pore distributions, suggesting a higher dependency on pore distribution and size than the level of interconnectivity.

研究了三个不同的三重周期性最小表面（TPMS），其在松质骨的孔隙内具有三个孔隙水平，作为潜在的骨支架。TPMS已成为可能类似于骨骼的复杂机械和传质特性的潜在设计。钻石，Schwarz和Gyroid结构在可吸收的医用级材料聚乳酸中进行3D打印。研究了3D打印结构的打印可行性，并通过形态计量学研究对其进行了评估。机械性能和渗透性研究得出的值与松质骨相似。形态计量学分析显示出三种不同的孔分布模式：单峰，双峰和多峰孔。随后，用成骨前成骨细胞系研究的生物学活性未显示出细胞毒性迹象，支架支持细胞增殖长达3周。通过碱性磷酸酶研究的细胞分化显示出更高的孔隙率和多峰孔隙分布的改善，表明对孔隙分布和大小的依赖性高于互连性。