Abstract Peanut is a crop of the Kayabi tribe, inhabiting the Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil. Morphological analysis of Xingu accessions showed variation exceeding that described for cultivated peanuts. This raised questions as to the origin of the Xingu accessions: are they derived from different species, or is their diversity a result of different evolutionary and selection processes? To answer these questions, cytogenetic and genotyping analyses were conducted. The karyotypes of Xingu accessions analyzed are very similar to each other, to an A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata accession and to the wild allotetraploid A. monticola. The accessions share the number and general morphology of the chromosomes; DAPI+ bands; 5S and 45S rDNA loci distribution and a high genomic affinity with A. duranensis and A. ipaënsis genomic probes. However, the number of CMA3 + bands differs from those determined for A. hypogaea and A. monticola, which are also different from each other. SNP genotyping grouped all Arachis allotetraploids into four taxonomic groups: Xingu accessions were closer to A. monticola and A. hypogaea subsp. hypogaea. Our data suggests that the morphological diversity within these accessions is not associated with a different origin and can be attributed to morphological plasticity and different selection by the Indian tribes.

中文翻译：

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巴西 Kayabi 印度种质花生、花生 (Fabales, Fabaceae)：起源、多样性和进化

摘要 花生是卡亚比部落的一种作物，栖息于巴西新谷土著公园。新谷种质的形态分析显示变异超过了栽培花生所描述的变异。这引发了关于新谷种质起源的问题：它们来自不同的物种，还是它们的多样性是不同进化和选择过程的结果？为了回答这些问题，进行了细胞遗传学和基因分型分析。所分析的新谷种质的核型彼此非常相似，与 A. hypogaea subsp。fastigiata 加入和野生异源四倍体 A. monticola。种质共享染色体的数量和一般形态；DAPI+ 带；5S 和 45S rDNA 基因座分布以及与 A. duranensis 和 A. ipaënsis 基因组探针的高基因组亲和力。然而，CMA3 + 条带的数量与为 A. hypogaea 和 A. monticola 确定的数量不同，它们也彼此不同。SNP 基因分型将所有花生异源四倍体分为四个分类组：Xingu 种质更接近 A. monticola 和 A. hypogaea subsp。海棠。我们的数据表明，这些种质中的形态多样性与不同的起源无关，可以归因于形态可塑性和印第安部落的不同选择。