A novel decomposition of the ocean heat energy that contributes to sea ice melt and growth (ocean‐ice and frazil heat) into components that are driven by surface heat flux and ocean circulation changes is used to isolate the evolving roles of the atmosphere and ocean in the Arctic sea ice loss from CO₂ increases. A sea ice volume budget analysis is used to separate the impacts of the anomalous frazil/ocean‐ice heat from those of atmosphere‐ice heat on the evolving Arctic sea ice volume. The role of atmosphere‐ocean coupling in augmenting or curtailing the atmosphere‐ and ocean‐driven sea ice losses is further isolated by comparing the ice volume budget and the anomalous frazil/ocean‐ice heat components in partially and fully coupled experiments. Atmosphere‐ice heat fluxes drive most of Arctic sea ice loss in the first decade following CO₂ increase by increasing the sea ice top face melt in summer, while ocean circulation changes drive the loss over the longer term through the anomalous increase of heat transport into the Arctic, which drive decreases in frazil ice growth and sea ice extent in winter. Atmosphere‐ocean coupling in the subpolar Atlantic further supports a negative feedback that attenuates the ocean‐driven sea ice losses over time; by accelerating the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, it causes a large cooling of the subpolar Atlantic and attenuation of the anomalous heat transport into the Arctic in winter, allowing for a seasonal Arctic sea ice in the fully coupled experiment, while the Arctic completely becomes ice free in the partially coupled experiment.

中文翻译：

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解开大气-海冰相互作用，驱使北极海冰对CO2的响应增加

利用海洋热能的一种新颖分解作用来促进海冰融化和生长（海洋冰和巴西热）成由表面热通量和海洋环流变化驱动的成分，以隔离大气和海洋在海洋中不断演变的作用。北极因CO ₂造成的海冰损失增加。海冰量预算分析用于区分北极冰/海冰异常热量与大气冰热对北极海冰体积变化的影响。通过在部分和完全耦合的实验中比较冰量预算和反常的巴西/海洋冰热成分，进一步隔离了大气-海洋耦合在增加或减少由大气和海洋驱动的海冰损失中的作用。在CO ₂排放后的头十年中，大气冰热通量推动了北极大部分海冰的流失夏季增加海冰顶面融化而增加，而长期而言，海洋环流变化通过进入北极的热传输异常增加驱动损失，这导致冬季巴西冰的生长和海冰范围减少。亚极大西洋的大气-海洋耦合进一步支持负反馈，随着时间的流逝减弱了海洋驱动的海冰损失。通过加速大西洋经向翻转环流的减弱，它会导致亚极大西洋的大面积降温，并减弱冬季进入北极的异常热量，在完全耦合的实验中允许季节性北极海冰，而北极则完全在部分耦合的实验中变得无冰。