Recent animal research on substance-use disorders (SUDs) has emphasized learning models and the identification of 'addiction-prone' animals. Meanwhile, basic neuroscientific research has elucidated molecular, cellular, and circuit functions with increasing sophistication. However, SUD-related research is hampered by continued arguments over which animal models are more 'addiction like', as well as the facile assignment of behaviors to a given brain region and vice versa. We argue that SUD-related research would benefit from a 'bottom-up' approach including: (i) the characterization of different brain circuits to understand their normal function as well as how they respond to drugs and contribute to SUDs; and (ii) a focus on the use patterns and neurobiological effects of different substances to understand the range of critical SUD-related in vivo phenotypes.

中文翻译：

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基于电路的药物滥用研究信息方法


最近关于物质使用障碍（SUD）的动物研究强调学习模型和识别“容易上瘾”的动物。与此同时，基础神经科学研究已经越来越复杂地阐明了分子、细胞和回路功能。然而，与 SUD 相关的研究受到了持续争论的阻碍，即哪些动物模型更“像成瘾”，以及将行为简单地分配给特定的大脑区域，反之亦然。我们认为，SUD 相关研究将受益于“自下而上”的方法，包括：（i）不同大脑回路的特征，以了解它们的正常功能以及它们如何对药物做出反应并促成 SUD； (ii) 重点关注不同物质的使用模式和神经生物学效应，以了解与 SUD 相关的关键体内表型的范围。