Applying silver into coatings has become a prevalent method in fabricating antimicrobial surfaces. However, the concerns about durability always exist and limit its applications. Here, a highly inhibitory, active, durable, and easy-to-use silver ions-nanosilver antimicrobial additive for powder coatings was fabricated in this study. Silver nanoparticles were chemically bonded to the Ag, Cu, and Zn-ternary ion-exchanged zeolite by $\alpha$-lipoic acid, which was then encapsulated by hydrophilic polymers. The fabricated silver ions and silver nanoparticles (Ag⁺-AgNPs) complementary structure provides a synergistic effect. Ag⁺ is the main antimicrobial agent, while AgNPs act as a supplementary reservoir of Ag⁺. As well, the formed thin layer of silver nanoparticles and hydrophilic film prolongs the release of active Ag⁺ from zeolite, and Ag⁺ facilitates the activation of AgNPs. The results show that this additive indicates excellent antimicrobial activity to E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, and that the coatings with the additive exhibit over 99.99% reduction rate for the tested bacteria and fungi. The coating film is able to maintain over 99% antimicrobial reduction even after 1200 repeated solution wipings, or over 30 wash cycles of artificial sweat solution, indicating high durability. Furthermore, the yellowness of the coating is not evident (Δb<2) despite the high loading of silver, and the silver nanoparticles have little impact on gloss, haze, and distinctness of the coating film image.

将银应用于涂层已成为制造抗菌表面的普遍方法。然而，对耐用性的担忧始终存在并限制了其应用。本研究制备了一种高抑制性、活性、耐用且易于使用的银离子-纳米银粉末涂料抗菌添加剂。银纳米粒子通过化学键合到Ag、Cu和Zn三元离子交换沸石上$\alpha$-硫辛酸，然后被亲水性聚合物封装。所制备的银离子和银纳米粒子（Ag ⁺ -AgNPs）互补结构提供了协同效应。Ag ⁺是主要的抗菌剂，而AgNPs则充当Ag ⁺的补充库。此外，所形成的银纳米颗粒薄层和亲水膜延长了活性Ag ⁺从沸石中的释放，并且Ag ⁺促进了AgNP的活化。结果表明，该添加剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌具有优异的抗菌活性，并且添加该添加剂的涂料对受试细菌和真菌的抑制率超过99.99%。即使在1200次重复溶液擦拭或超过30次人工汗液洗涤周期后，涂膜仍能保持99%以上的抗菌减少，显示出高耐久性。此外，尽管银负载量较高，但涂层的黄度并不明显（Δb<2），并且银纳米粒子对涂膜图像的光泽度、雾度和清晰度影响很小。