Ayahuasca is a decoction with psychoactive properties, used for millennia for therapeutic and religious purposes by indigenous groups and the population of amazonian countries. As described in this narrative review, it is essentially constituted by β-carbolines and tryptamines, and it has therapeutic effects on behavioral disorders due to the inhibition of the monoamine oxidase enzyme and the activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, demonstrated through preclinical and clinical studies. It was recently observed that the pharmacological response presented by ayahuasca is linked to its anti-inflammatory action, attributed mainly to dimethyltryptamines (N, N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine), which act as endogenous systemic regulators of inflammation and immune homeostasis, also through sigma-1 receptors. Therefore, since neuroinflammation is among the main pathophysiological mechanisms related to the development of neurological and psychiatric diseases, we suggest, based on the available evidence, that ayahuasca is a promising and very safe therapeutic strategy since extremely high doses are required to reach toxicity. However, even so, additional studies are needed to confirm such evidence, as well as the complete elucidation of the mechanisms involved.

Ayahuasca 是一种具有精神活性的汤剂，数千年来被土著群体和亚马逊国家的人口用于治疗和宗教目的。正如这篇叙述性评论中所述，它主要由 β-咔啉和色胺组成，由于抑制单胺氧化酶和激活 5-羟色胺受体，它对行为障碍具有治疗作用，通过临床前和临床研究证明. 最近观察到，死藤水的药理反应与其抗炎作用有关，主要归因于二甲基色胺（N, N-二甲基色胺和 5-甲氧基-N, N-二甲基色胺），它们是炎症的内源性全身调节剂和免疫稳态，也通过 sigma-1 受体。所以，由于神经炎症是与神经和精神疾病发展相关的主要病理生理机制之一，我们建议，根据现有证据，死藤水是一种很有前途且非常安全的治疗策略，因为需要极高的剂量才能达到毒性。然而，即便如此，还需要额外的研究来证实这些证据，以及对所涉及机制的完整阐明。